
你清楚自己是否有打鼾的习惯吗?或许伴侣或家人曾告诉你这个令人惊讶(或不足为奇)的消息,又或许你曾因他人的鼾声而彻夜难眠。梅奥诊所指出,打鼾通常是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)的征兆,这种睡眠相关呼吸障碍最为常见,据估算,超2500万美国成年人受其影响。其病理机制在于咽喉肌肉松弛,致使气道受阻,患者在睡眠时会反复出现呼吸暂停与恢复的情况。
近期研究揭示,一个乍看之下毫无关联的现象,或许正在加剧这种潜藏危险的睡眠障碍——气候变化。发表在《自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)上的一项新研究指出,环境温度升高会使参与者在特定夜晚罹患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的概率增加45%。
澳大利亚弗林德斯大学(Flinders University)健康与医学研究所的首席作者巴斯蒂安·勒沙特(Bastien Lechat)在新闻稿中表示:“总体而言,我们对环境温度与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度之间的关联程度感到惊讶。”
这不仅对健康构成威胁,还会影响经济,令人担忧:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与工作场所工作效率显著下降和缺勤率上升相关。随着气温升高,其患病率不断上升,全球经济或将面临300亿美元的生产力损失,以及680亿美元的健康恶化成本。
研究人员借助经美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停监测仪,对来自29个国家的116620名参与者长达三年半的睡眠数据展开分析,旨在确定每日环境温度与夜间阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停状况之间的关联。
“提升诊断率与治疗率,将助力我们管控并减少气候相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停引发的不良健康状况与生产力问题。”该研究的合著者丹尼·埃克特(Danny Eckert)在新闻稿中表示。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与气候变化带来的健康影响
气温攀升会使阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症状加重,进而引发严重健康问题。未经治疗或病情严重的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停,会增加罹患痴呆症、帕金森病、高血压、心血管疾病、焦虑症和抑郁症的风险,甚至可能缩短寿命。此外,患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停者还可能因呼吸中断致使睡眠不断被干扰,难以进入深度恢复性睡眠状态,从而频繁出现疲劳与情绪波动。
睡眠质量欠佳还与大脑衰老进程加速、认知功能衰退、心理健康状况恶化,炎症、心血管疾病和免疫系统受抑相关。
此外,环境温度攀升对健康的负面影响已得到证实,涵盖心理健康状况恶化、整体睡眠质量下降以及睡眠时长缩短。此前研究显示,总体而言,气温升高会加重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停带来的影响——温度上升会使睡眠阶段变浅,睡眠中断与觉醒的频次增多。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的经济负担
在此项研究中,研究人员估算,2023年全球变暖致使阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患病率上升,在29个国家造成788198个健康生命年的折损。
鉴于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会因睡眠中断而影响情绪与精力水平,患者常出现工作效率降低、缺勤次数增多的情况。若其发生频率与严重程度持续攀升,或会对全球经济造成灾难性冲击。2023年,研究人员发现,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的增多致使29个研究国家的缺勤天数额外增加2500万天,由此产生的劳动力损失经济成本高达300亿美元。
研究人员警告称,研究样本可能低估了潜在的健康和经济负担:所有参与者均配备睡眠追踪设备,且居住在空调等防暑设施普及的高度发达国家,这导致承受高温负担最重的低收入群体未能得到充分代表。
随着全球平均气温预计将攀升2.1°C至3.4°C,高温带来的影响或将进一步加剧。
“我们的研究结果表明,若缺乏更有效的政策措施来遏制全球变暖,到2100年,由于气温上升,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停带来的负担或将翻倍。”勒沙特表示。
埃克特补充道:“未来,我们期望设计干预研究,探索减轻环境温度对睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度影响的策略,并探究温度波动与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度关联的潜在生理机制。” (*)
译者:中慧言-王芳
你清楚自己是否有打鼾的习惯吗?或许伴侣或家人曾告诉你这个令人惊讶(或不足为奇)的消息,又或许你曾因他人的鼾声而彻夜难眠。梅奥诊所指出,打鼾通常是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)的征兆,这种睡眠相关呼吸障碍最为常见,据估算,超2500万美国成年人受其影响。其病理机制在于咽喉肌肉松弛,致使气道受阻,患者在睡眠时会反复出现呼吸暂停与恢复的情况。
近期研究揭示,一个乍看之下毫无关联的现象,或许正在加剧这种潜藏危险的睡眠障碍——气候变化。发表在《自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)上的一项新研究指出,环境温度升高会使参与者在特定夜晚罹患阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的概率增加45%。
澳大利亚弗林德斯大学(Flinders University)健康与医学研究所的首席作者巴斯蒂安·勒沙特(Bastien Lechat)在新闻稿中表示:“总体而言,我们对环境温度与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度之间的关联程度感到惊讶。”
这不仅对健康构成威胁,还会影响经济,令人担忧:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与工作场所工作效率显著下降和缺勤率上升相关。随着气温升高,其患病率不断上升,全球经济或将面临300亿美元的生产力损失,以及680亿美元的健康恶化成本。
研究人员借助经美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停监测仪,对来自29个国家的116620名参与者长达三年半的睡眠数据展开分析,旨在确定每日环境温度与夜间阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停状况之间的关联。
“提升诊断率与治疗率,将助力我们管控并减少气候相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停引发的不良健康状况与生产力问题。”该研究的合著者丹尼·埃克特(Danny Eckert)在新闻稿中表示。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与气候变化带来的健康影响
气温攀升会使阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停症状加重,进而引发严重健康问题。未经治疗或病情严重的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停,会增加罹患痴呆症、帕金森病、高血压、心血管疾病、焦虑症和抑郁症的风险,甚至可能缩短寿命。此外,患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停者还可能因呼吸中断致使睡眠不断被干扰,难以进入深度恢复性睡眠状态,从而频繁出现疲劳与情绪波动。
睡眠质量欠佳还与大脑衰老进程加速、认知功能衰退、心理健康状况恶化,炎症、心血管疾病和免疫系统受抑相关。
此外,环境温度攀升对健康的负面影响已得到证实,涵盖心理健康状况恶化、整体睡眠质量下降以及睡眠时长缩短。此前研究显示,总体而言,气温升高会加重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停带来的影响——温度上升会使睡眠阶段变浅,睡眠中断与觉醒的频次增多。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的经济负担
在此项研究中,研究人员估算,2023年全球变暖致使阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患病率上升,在29个国家造成788198个健康生命年的折损。
鉴于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会因睡眠中断而影响情绪与精力水平,患者常出现工作效率降低、缺勤次数增多的情况。若其发生频率与严重程度持续攀升,或会对全球经济造成灾难性冲击。2023年,研究人员发现,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的增多致使29个研究国家的缺勤天数额外增加2500万天,由此产生的劳动力损失经济成本高达300亿美元。
研究人员警告称,研究样本可能低估了潜在的健康和经济负担:所有参与者均配备睡眠追踪设备,且居住在空调等防暑设施普及的高度发达国家,这导致承受高温负担最重的低收入群体未能得到充分代表。
随着全球平均气温预计将攀升2.1°C至3.4°C,高温带来的影响或将进一步加剧。
“我们的研究结果表明,若缺乏更有效的政策措施来遏制全球变暖,到2100年,由于气温上升,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停带来的负担或将翻倍。”勒沙特表示。
埃克特补充道:“未来,我们期望设计干预研究,探索减轻环境温度对睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度影响的策略,并探究温度波动与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度关联的潜在生理机制。” (*)
译者:中慧言-王芳
Do you know if you snore or not? Maybe you had a partner or family member deliver the surprising (or not) news, or perhaps you have had sleepless nights listening to someone else’s snores. Snoring can often be a sign of obstructive sleep apnea, the most common sleep-related breathing disorder estimated to impact over 25 million U.S. adults. It causes people to repeatedly stop and start breathing while they sleep, when the throat muscles relax and block the airway, according to the Mayo Clinic.
A seemingly unrelated phenomenon could be worsening this potentially dangerous sleep disorder, according to recent research: climate change. A new study published in Nature Communications found that warmer temperatures caused participants to have a 45% higher probability of having obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on a given night.
“Overall, we were surprised by the magnitude of the association between ambient temperature and OSA severity,” said lead author Bastien Lechat at Flinders University Health and Medical Research Institute in Australia in the press release.
That can have worrying implications not only for health, but also the economy: OSA is associated with significant decreases in workplace productivity and absenteeism, and as it becomes more prevalent with rising temperatures, that could cost the global economy $30 billion in lost productivity, and another $68 billion from worsened well-being.
Researchers analyzed sleep data of 116,620 participants across 29 countries over 3.5 years, using an OSA monitor cleared by the Food and Drug Administration to establish the link between daily ambient temperature and nightly OSA status.
“Higher rates of diagnosis and treatment will help us to manage and reduce the adverse health and productivity issues caused by climate related OSA,” coauthor Danny Eckert said in the press release.
The health toll of obstructive sleep apnea and climate change
As OSA is exacerbated by warming temperatures, that can lead to detrimental health impacts. Untreated or severe cases of OSA can increase the risk of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, and even a shorten your life span. People with OSA may also suffer from frequent fatigue and mood swings, caused by continually disrupted sleep from breathing interruptions that inhibits settling into a deep, restorative sleep.
Poor sleep is also linked to faster brain aging, decreased cognitive functioning, worsened mental health, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and a suppressed immune system.
Higher ambient temperatures also have well-established negative effects on health, including worsened mental well-being and overall worsened sleep quality and duration. Previous research shows that warmer temperatures overall magnify the impacts of OSA, as warmer temperatures lead to lighter sleep stages and more frequent disruptions and awakenings.
The economic burden of OSA
In the study, researchers estimated that the global warming-related increases in OSA prevalence in 2023 was associated with a loss of 788,198 healthy life years in 29 countries.
Given how OSA impacts mood and energy levels caused by disrupted sleep, it’s common that people experience lower productivity and more frequent missed days at work. But if OSA frequency and severity continues to increase, that could be catastrophic for the global economy. In 2023, researchers observed that the increase in OSA led to an additional 25 million absenteeism days across the 29 studied countries, leading to an economic cost of $30 billion from the lost labor.
Researchers caution that the study population likely underestimates the potential health and economic burden: All participants owned a sleep tracking device and resided in highly developed countries with greater access to heat-mitigating tools like air conditioning, leaving lower socioeconomic groups with the greatest heat burden underrepresented.
With the mean global temperatures projected to increase by 2.1°C to 3.4°C, the impacts of heat are likely to worsen.
“Our findings highlight that without greater policy action to slow global warming, OSA burden may double by 2100 due to rising temperatures,” Lechat said.
“Going forward, we want to design intervention studies that explore strategies to reduce the impact of ambient temperatures on sleep apnea severity as well as investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms that connect temperature fluctuations to OSA severity,” Eckert added.