首页 / 财富中文网 / 正文

为了供孩子上大学,美国家长正做出这些牺牲

财富中文网 2025-06-29 23:30:05

为了供孩子上大学,美国家长正做出这些牺牲
图片来源:Getty Images

• 随着大学学费飙升,美国许多父母正做出重大的财务牺牲,比如延迟退休、动用储蓄或打第二份工,以帮助子女避免学生贷款债务。如今,超过60%的父母已采取了除传统的大学资助方式之外的措施,但他们却往往缺乏清晰的储蓄策略。理财顾问指出,这可能导致冒险的财务决策。

父母为子女做出无数牺牲。如今随着大学费用变得比以往任何时候都更为昂贵,为了努力保障子女的未来,父母们正在牺牲自己的财务未来。

在公民银行(Citizens Bank)周二发布的一项对1,000名家长的调查中,受访者表示他们正在从事第二份工作(19%)、动用401(k)退休储蓄计划借款或变现个人资金(30%)、完全暂停投资(26%)、以及削减大宗购物或度假开支(66%)。超过60%的家长表示,他们预计将延迟退休以支付子女的大学教育费用。

大学费用飙升:根据教育数据倡议组织(Education Data Initiative)的数据,如今的大学学费比1963年上涨了40倍。该组织称,仅2010年至2023年间,四年制公立大学的学费就跃升了36%以上,如今大学平均学费已接近每年4万美元。

根据公民银行的调查数据,这导致超过60%的家长需要采取超出529计划、联邦助学贷款等传统资助方式的额外举措。

富达投资(Fidelity)副总裁兼529大学储蓄计划负责人托尼·德肯对《财富》杂志表示:“与几年前相比,由于学费上涨、通货膨胀以及未来成本的不确定性增加,压力也随之上升。许多家庭仍未做好充分准备,往往依赖粗略估算而非明确的储蓄目标。”

“风险极高”

Wealthramp创始人、投资顾问帕姆·克鲁格表示,父母为支付大学学费而选择做兼职、动用退休金,甚至进行房屋再融资的现象极其普遍。

克鲁格警告称:“家长这样做源于对孩子的爱,以及保护孩子免于学生贷款负担的愿望,但这样做风险极高。这些选择可能让家长遭受挫折,且很难从中恢复元气。”

公民银行指出,部分问题在于大学入学申请与财务规划之间存在脱节。调查数据显示,五分之一的家长承认他们只专注于让孩子进入大学,却没有考虑如何支付学费。而且这对家长们而言是一个敏感且尴尬的话题,近50%的受访者表示,他们宁愿与子女谈论毒品和酗酒问题。

如何准备大学费用

尽管动用退休金、从事另一份工作或进行房屋再融资似乎是凑足大学学费的唯一选择,但理财顾问表示还有其他途径。

当然,529储蓄计划可以有所帮助——但这需要更长的准备时间。这些可享受税收优惠的计划有时可以让你提前支付学费,但许多人需要坚持多年储蓄才能为这些账户供款。

德肯表示:“尽管如此,越早开始储蓄,你的资金通过复利增长的时间就越长。即使定期小额供款,日积月累也将是一大笔钱。”此外,克鲁格指出,任何未使用的资金都可以转移给兄弟姐妹、堂表亲或转回给自己,这意味着钱不会被浪费,而是会留在家庭内部。

但如果开始行动的时间太晚,比如孩子已经上高中,就需要有替代策略。克鲁格表示,这需要与孩子就家庭实际负担能力进行开诚布公的沟通。

克鲁格建议:“与孩子坐下来开诚布公地讨论现实状况。探索那些提供慷慨奖学金或者定价透明的学校。而且要考虑全部成本,不仅仅是学费,还包括食宿、书本、交通费用。有时‘名牌’大学并非财务上的最佳选择——这没关系。”

对于孩子上高中时才开始规划大学费用的父母,大学规划专家公司(College Planning Experts)创始人兼首席执行官布莱恩·萨夫达里还建议,最早从九年级或十年级开始调整投资组合和资产配置,并申请助学金、奖学金、绩优奖学金和学校助学金。他对《财富》杂志表示,即使是学费每年高达9.5万美元或更高的私立大学,也可能提供丰厚的资助,使最终费用与公立大学相当甚至更低。

萨夫达里补充道:“尽管如此,预期费用减去储蓄再减去无偿资助后,很可能仍会存在差额。一旦我们得出这个数字,就可以开始规划如何在四年内筹措资金,同时尽量减少学生贷款债务,并留足退休资金。” (*)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

• 随着大学学费飙升,美国许多父母正做出重大的财务牺牲,比如延迟退休、动用储蓄或打第二份工,以帮助子女避免学生贷款债务。如今,超过60%的父母已采取了除传统的大学资助方式之外的措施,但他们却往往缺乏清晰的储蓄策略。理财顾问指出,这可能导致冒险的财务决策。

父母为子女做出无数牺牲。如今随着大学费用变得比以往任何时候都更为昂贵,为了努力保障子女的未来,父母们正在牺牲自己的财务未来。

在公民银行(Citizens Bank)周二发布的一项对1,000名家长的调查中,受访者表示他们正在从事第二份工作(19%)、动用401(k)退休储蓄计划借款或变现个人资金(30%)、完全暂停投资(26%)、以及削减大宗购物或度假开支(66%)。超过60%的家长表示,他们预计将延迟退休以支付子女的大学教育费用。

大学费用飙升:根据教育数据倡议组织(Education Data Initiative)的数据,如今的大学学费比1963年上涨了40倍。该组织称,仅2010年至2023年间,四年制公立大学的学费就跃升了36%以上,如今大学平均学费已接近每年4万美元。

根据公民银行的调查数据,这导致超过60%的家长需要采取超出529计划、联邦助学贷款等传统资助方式的额外举措。

富达投资(Fidelity)副总裁兼529大学储蓄计划负责人托尼·德肯对《财富》杂志表示:“与几年前相比,由于学费上涨、通货膨胀以及未来成本的不确定性增加,压力也随之上升。许多家庭仍未做好充分准备,往往依赖粗略估算而非明确的储蓄目标。”

“风险极高”

Wealthramp创始人、投资顾问帕姆·克鲁格表示,父母为支付大学学费而选择做兼职、动用退休金,甚至进行房屋再融资的现象极其普遍。

克鲁格警告称:“家长这样做源于对孩子的爱,以及保护孩子免于学生贷款负担的愿望,但这样做风险极高。这些选择可能让家长遭受挫折,且很难从中恢复元气。”

公民银行指出,部分问题在于大学入学申请与财务规划之间存在脱节。调查数据显示,五分之一的家长承认他们只专注于让孩子进入大学,却没有考虑如何支付学费。而且这对家长们而言是一个敏感且尴尬的话题,近50%的受访者表示,他们宁愿与子女谈论毒品和酗酒问题。

如何准备大学费用

尽管动用退休金、从事另一份工作或进行房屋再融资似乎是凑足大学学费的唯一选择,但理财顾问表示还有其他途径。

当然,529储蓄计划可以有所帮助——但这需要更长的准备时间。这些可享受税收优惠的计划有时可以让你提前支付学费,但许多人需要坚持多年储蓄才能为这些账户供款。

德肯表示:“尽管如此,越早开始储蓄,你的资金通过复利增长的时间就越长。即使定期小额供款,日积月累也将是一大笔钱。”此外,克鲁格指出,任何未使用的资金都可以转移给兄弟姐妹、堂表亲或转回给自己,这意味着钱不会被浪费,而是会留在家庭内部。

但如果开始行动的时间太晚,比如孩子已经上高中,就需要有替代策略。克鲁格表示,这需要与孩子就家庭实际负担能力进行开诚布公的沟通。

克鲁格建议:“与孩子坐下来开诚布公地讨论现实状况。探索那些提供慷慨奖学金或者定价透明的学校。而且要考虑全部成本,不仅仅是学费,还包括食宿、书本、交通费用。有时‘名牌’大学并非财务上的最佳选择——这没关系。”

对于孩子上高中时才开始规划大学费用的父母,大学规划专家公司(College Planning Experts)创始人兼首席执行官布莱恩·萨夫达里还建议,最早从九年级或十年级开始调整投资组合和资产配置,并申请助学金、奖学金、绩优奖学金和学校助学金。他对《财富》杂志表示,即使是学费每年高达9.5万美元或更高的私立大学,也可能提供丰厚的资助,使最终费用与公立大学相当甚至更低。

萨夫达里补充道:“尽管如此,预期费用减去储蓄再减去无偿资助后,很可能仍会存在差额。一旦我们得出这个数字,就可以开始规划如何在四年内筹措资金,同时尽量减少学生贷款债务,并留足退休资金。” (*)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

• With the cost of college soaring, many parents are making major financial sacrifices like delaying retirement, liquidating savings, or taking second jobs to help their children avoid student debt. More than 60% of parents now go beyond traditional college funding methods, often without a clear savings strategy. Financial advisors suggest this could lead to risky financial decisions.

Parents make countless sacrifices for their children. And now that college is more expensive than ever, they’re jeopardizing their own financial futures to try to secure their kids’.

In a survey of 1,000 parents from Citizens Bank released Tuesday, respondents say they are taking on a second job (19%), borrowing against their 401(k) or liquidating personal funds (30%), pausing investing entirely (26%), and cutting back on major purchases or vacations (66%). And more than 60% of parents reported they expect to delay their retirement in order to pay for their kids’ college education.

The cost of college has ballooned: It’s 40 times higher than it was in 1963, according to the Education Data Initiative. And between 2010 and 2023 alone, tuition costs at four-year public universities jumped more than 36%, Education Data Initiative said, with the average cost of college today nearly $40,000 per year.

That’s led more than 60% of parents to need to go “above and beyond” typical financing options like 529 plans and federal loans, according to the Citizens survey data.

“Compared to just a few years ago, the pressure has increased due to rising tuition, inflation, and greater uncertainty around future costs,” Tony Durkan, vice president and head of 529 college savings at Fidelity, told Fortune. “Many families are still underprepared, often relying on rough estimates rather than clear savings goals.”

‘Very risky’

Pam Krueger, investment advisor and founder of Wealthramp, said the phenomenon of parents taking on side gigs, pulling money out of retirement, and refinancing their homes to pay for college is incredibly common.

“It’s coming from a place of love and a desire to protect their kids from the burden of student debt—but it’s also very risky,” Krueger warned. “These choices can set parents back in a way that’s really hard to recover from.”

Part of the problem is the disconnect between college admissions and financial planning, according to Citizens. Survey data showed one in five parents admitted they just focused on getting their child into college without thinking about how to pay for it. And it’s such a touchy and embarrassing topic for parents, almost 50% of survey-takers said they would rather talk to their children about drugs and alcohol.

How to prepare to pay for college

While pulling money from retirement, taking on another job, or refinancing your home may feel like the only option to come up with enough funding for college, financial advisors say there are other options.

Of course, a 529 savings plan can help—but that has a longer runway. These tax-advantaged plans can sometimes allow you to pay for tuition ahead of time, but many people save for many, many years to fund these accounts.

Still, “the earlier you begin saving, the more time your money has to grow through compounding,” Durkan said. “Even small, regular contributions can add up significantly over time.” Plus, any funds that aren’t used can be transferred to a sibling, cousin, or back to yourself, meaning no wasted money—and it stays in the family, Krueger said.

But if it’s too late in the process—like if your kid is already in high school—an alternate strategy is needed. Krueger said this requires open and honest communication with your child about what you can actually afford.

“Sit down with your child and talk openly about what’s realistic. Explore schools that are generous with merit aid or have transparent pricing,” Krueger said. “And look at the full cost—not just tuition, but room and board, books, travel. Sometimes the ‘big name’ school isn’t the best financial fit—and that’s okay.”

For parents just starting to plan for college while their children are in high school, Brian Safdari, founder and CEO of College Planning Experts, also suggests moving around investments and assets and as well as applying for grants, scholarships, merit-based aid, and institutional aid starting as early as ninth or 10th grade. Even private colleges with sticker prices of $95,000 or more a year could offer generous aid that make the final cost the same as a public school or even less, he told Fortune.

Still, “the expected cost minus savings minus free money will likely still leave a gap,” Safdari said. “Once we have that number, we can start figuring out how to fund it over four years, while minimizing student debt and leaving enough money to retire.”

*