
德意志银行研究院(Deutsche Bank Research)近期调查显示,近五分之一的Z世代职场人士忧心忡忡,认为人工智能将在未来两年内抢走他们的工作。代际鸿沟极为显著:在18至34岁的年轻群体中,近四分之一对失业风险给出7分以上(0-10分制)的高忧虑评分,而只有约十分之一的婴儿潮一代与X世代(55岁及以上)表达了同等焦虑。这项研究揭示了随着AI以空前速度加速职场生态的变革,全球最年轻劳动力群体与日俱增的忧虑。
德意志银行于夏季在美、德、法、意、西、英六国开展的万人调查发现,在18-34岁职场人士中,有24%对失业的担忧评分达8分及以上,55岁以上群体该比例仅为10%。尽管全体受访者中仅18%表示“非常担心”未来两年内因AI失业,但将时间线延长至五年后,该比例升至22%,这表明人们普遍认为AI对长期职业安全构成威胁。尤其值得注意的是,在每个统计时段,美国受访者的忧虑程度均高于欧洲同龄人,且随时间推移差距持续扩大。
研究分析师阿德里安·考克斯与斯特凡·阿布鲁丹写道:“调查结果揭示了在AI应用与信任度方面存在的代际与地域差异,同时也反映出市场对AI培训的强烈需求及劳动者的自我提升努力。”这一重要统计结果印证了美联储(Federal Reserve)主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔上周直言不讳说过的一句话:“应届大学毕业生……正面临艰难的求职处境。”
为何年轻群体感觉因AI失业的风险更高
调查结果与受AI影响的行业呈现的趋势相吻合。斯坦福(Stanford)与哈佛大学(Harvard)近期的研究指出,在软件工程、客服等应用AI的领域,初级岗位招聘量骤减,而高级职位需求则保持稳定或增长。例如,美国人口普查局(U.S. Census Burea)的报告显示,应届毕业生失业率达4.8%,已高于全美全年龄段劳动者4%的平均水平。不过,不同的分析得出的结果存在差异。阿波罗全球管理公司(Apollo Global Management)首席经济学家托斯滕·斯洛克也指出,目前应届毕业生的失业率出现性别差异。
AI的速度、规模与功能进化似乎加剧了职场新人的不安全感,因为他们通常从事最易被自动化和算法替代的工作岗位。
相比之下,年长的职场人士(通常担任高级或专业职位)对AI颠覆就业的焦虑感明显较低。调查强调,在55岁及以上的受访者中,仅有10%认为AI在未来两年内会对其就业构成重大威胁。该群体可能历经多次技术变革,对自身的工作经验和适应能力更有信心,或者因其资历与专业技能而免受影响。
就业前景不容乐观
地域因素同样关键。美国职场AI使用率(56%)与焦虑程度均高于欧洲国家(欧洲主要经济体平均为52%)。有趣的是,西班牙家庭AI使用率居首,但职场应用率较低。德国和英国个人AI使用率相当,但德国职场应用明显滞后,这凸显出企业文化与各国AI准备度的差异。
这与瑞银(UBS)首席经济学家保罗·多诺万的研究结果不谋而合。他在上周五博文《年轻人还好吗?》(The kids are alright?)中指出,美国青年失业率激增与全球趋势形成鲜明对比。
多诺万写道:“美国劳动力市场的状况具有特殊性。欧元区青年失业率已创历史新低,英国青年失业率稳步下降。认为AI唯独影响美国青年就业的观点,似乎难以令人信服。”
高盛(Goldman Sachs)经济学家皮耶尔弗兰切斯科·梅提出了一个不同的研究视角,强调了鲍威尔的另一种观点,即美国正处在“低解雇率、低招聘率的市场环境中”。梅指出,“就业再配置”自1990年代末以来持续下降,人事变更率推动了“大萧条以来流动率的几乎所有变化”。他发现,截至2025年,人事变更率远低于疫情前水平,且“主要冲击年轻就业者”。2019年,在低人事变更率的州,年轻失业者平均需要10周才能找到新工作,如今这个数字已延长至12周。
德意志银行的研究直指企业培训的不足:“在职培训仍相对有限,迄今为止欧洲仅四分之一受访者接受过AI相关培训,美国该比例为近三分之一。”虽然分析师没有直接使用这个术语,但他们实际上所指的是“影子AI经济”现象,即员工未经雇主批准私下使用AI工具。
研究指出:“自学模式表明部分员工正在努力弥补技能缺口。”
在此背景下,人们对AI的信任度仍低于使用率。即便是频繁使用者,也有约三分之一对AI生成信息信任度偏低,尤其是在医疗健康、个人财务等敏感领域。
《财富》杂志使用生成式AI辅助完成本文的初稿。编辑在发表前已核实信息的准确性。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
德意志银行研究院(Deutsche Bank Research)近期调查显示,近五分之一的Z世代职场人士忧心忡忡,认为人工智能将在未来两年内抢走他们的工作。代际鸿沟极为显著:在18至34岁的年轻群体中,近四分之一对失业风险给出7分以上(0-10分制)的高忧虑评分,而只有约十分之一的婴儿潮一代与X世代(55岁及以上)表达了同等焦虑。这项研究揭示了随着AI以空前速度加速职场生态的变革,全球最年轻劳动力群体与日俱增的忧虑。
德意志银行于夏季在美、德、法、意、西、英六国开展的万人调查发现,在18-34岁职场人士中,有24%对失业的担忧评分达8分及以上,55岁以上群体该比例仅为10%。尽管全体受访者中仅18%表示“非常担心”未来两年内因AI失业,但将时间线延长至五年后,该比例升至22%,这表明人们普遍认为AI对长期职业安全构成威胁。尤其值得注意的是,在每个统计时段,美国受访者的忧虑程度均高于欧洲同龄人,且随时间推移差距持续扩大。
研究分析师阿德里安·考克斯与斯特凡·阿布鲁丹写道:“调查结果揭示了在AI应用与信任度方面存在的代际与地域差异,同时也反映出市场对AI培训的强烈需求及劳动者的自我提升努力。”这一重要统计结果印证了美联储(Federal Reserve)主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔上周直言不讳说过的一句话:“应届大学毕业生……正面临艰难的求职处境。”
为何年轻群体感觉因AI失业的风险更高
调查结果与受AI影响的行业呈现的趋势相吻合。斯坦福(Stanford)与哈佛大学(Harvard)近期的研究指出,在软件工程、客服等应用AI的领域,初级岗位招聘量骤减,而高级职位需求则保持稳定或增长。例如,美国人口普查局(U.S. Census Burea)的报告显示,应届毕业生失业率达4.8%,已高于全美全年龄段劳动者4%的平均水平。不过,不同的分析得出的结果存在差异。阿波罗全球管理公司(Apollo Global Management)首席经济学家托斯滕·斯洛克也指出,目前应届毕业生的失业率出现性别差异。
AI的速度、规模与功能进化似乎加剧了职场新人的不安全感,因为他们通常从事最易被自动化和算法替代的工作岗位。
相比之下,年长的职场人士(通常担任高级或专业职位)对AI颠覆就业的焦虑感明显较低。调查强调,在55岁及以上的受访者中,仅有10%认为AI在未来两年内会对其就业构成重大威胁。该群体可能历经多次技术变革,对自身的工作经验和适应能力更有信心,或者因其资历与专业技能而免受影响。
就业前景不容乐观
地域因素同样关键。美国职场AI使用率(56%)与焦虑程度均高于欧洲国家(欧洲主要经济体平均为52%)。有趣的是,西班牙家庭AI使用率居首,但职场应用率较低。德国和英国个人AI使用率相当,但德国职场应用明显滞后,这凸显出企业文化与各国AI准备度的差异。
这与瑞银(UBS)首席经济学家保罗·多诺万的研究结果不谋而合。他在上周五博文《年轻人还好吗?》(The kids are alright?)中指出,美国青年失业率激增与全球趋势形成鲜明对比。
多诺万写道:“美国劳动力市场的状况具有特殊性。欧元区青年失业率已创历史新低,英国青年失业率稳步下降。认为AI唯独影响美国青年就业的观点,似乎难以令人信服。”
高盛(Goldman Sachs)经济学家皮耶尔弗兰切斯科·梅提出了一个不同的研究视角,强调了鲍威尔的另一种观点,即美国正处在“低解雇率、低招聘率的市场环境中”。梅指出,“就业再配置”自1990年代末以来持续下降,人事变更率推动了“大萧条以来流动率的几乎所有变化”。他发现,截至2025年,人事变更率远低于疫情前水平,且“主要冲击年轻就业者”。2019年,在低人事变更率的州,年轻失业者平均需要10周才能找到新工作,如今这个数字已延长至12周。
德意志银行的研究直指企业培训的不足:“在职培训仍相对有限,迄今为止欧洲仅四分之一受访者接受过AI相关培训,美国该比例为近三分之一。”虽然分析师没有直接使用这个术语,但他们实际上所指的是“影子AI经济”现象,即员工未经雇主批准私下使用AI工具。
研究指出:“自学模式表明部分员工正在努力弥补技能缺口。”
在此背景下,人们对AI的信任度仍低于使用率。即便是频繁使用者,也有约三分之一对AI生成信息信任度偏低,尤其是在医疗健康、个人财务等敏感领域。
《财富》杂志使用生成式AI辅助完成本文的初稿。编辑在发表前已核实信息的准确性。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
Nearly one in five Gen Z workers is deeply worried artificial intelligence (AI) will put them out of work within the next two years, according to a recent survey by Deutsche Bank Research. The generational divide is stark: While nearly a quarter of young adults aged 18 to 34 gave high scores of concern on a 0-10 scale, only about one in 10 baby boomers and Gen Xers (aged 55 and above) expressed comparable anxiety. The research captures a snapshot of growing apprehension among the youngest segment of the global workforce as AI accelerates workplace transformation at an unprecedented pace.
The Deutsche Bank survey, conducted during the summer months across the U.S., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the U.K., sampled 10,000 people and found that 24% of workers aged 18-34 rated their job-loss concern at an 8 or higher, compared to just 10% among those 55 and older. While only 18% of all respondents said they were “very concerned” about losing their jobs to AI in the next two years, this number climbs to 22% when looking at a five-year horizon—signaling a widespread expectation AI threatens longer-term job security. Americans, in particular, showed higher levels of concern compared to their European peers for every time period measured, with the gap widening over time.
“The findings reveal a generational and geographical gap in adoption and trust, strong demand for AI training, and workers’ efforts to educate themselves,” research analysts Adrian Cox and Stefan Abrudan wrote. It’s an important statistical finding underscoring the truth that Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell spoke about bluntly last week: “Kids coming out of college … are having a hard time finding jobs.”
Why the young feel more at risk to losing their jobs to AI
The findings dovetail with trends identified in AI-impacted sectors. Recent studies from Stanford and Harvard have spotlighted a sharp decline in junior employment at firms embracing AI in roles such as software engineering and customer service, while senior employment has held steady or grown. For instance, the U.S. Census Bureau reports unemployment among recent graduates, at 4.8%, now exceeds the national average of 4% for all workers. This is uneven, according to separate analyses. Apollo Global Management chief economist Torsten Slok has also noted the recent graduate unemployment rate is diverging for men and women.
AI’s speed, scale, and evolving functionality appear to amplify insecurity among early-career workers, who often fill roles most susceptible to automation and algorithmic displacement.
In contrast, older workers—typically occupying more senior or specialized roles—show little anxiety about AI disrupting their employment. The survey underscores that just 10% of respondents aged 55 and older see AI as a major threat to their jobs within the next two years. This demographic, having likely weathered numerous technological shifts, may feel more secure in their experience and ability to adapt, or be insulated by tenure and expertise.
A shadowy picture
Geography also plays a role. Americans exhibit greater anxiety and higher rates of AI use at work (56%) than their European counterparts (an average of 52% across major economies). Interestingly, Spain outpaces all countries in home AI use, though its workplace adoption rate is lower. Meanwhile, Germany and the U.K. display parallel rates of personal AI use, but Germans lag in workplace adoption, highlighting differences in corporate cultures and national readiness for AI integration.
This aligns with research from UBS chief economist Paul Donovan, who wrote a blog post last Friday, “The kids are alright?” finding the spike in U.S. youth unemployment contrasts with global trends.
“The U.S. labor market experience is peculiar,” he wrote. “Young Euro area workers have a record low unemployment rate. In the U.K., the young persons’ unemployment rate has fallen steadily.” Donovan concluded that “it seems highly implausible that AI uniquely hurts the employment prospects of younger U.S. workers.”
Goldman Sachs economist Pierfrancesco Mei took a different tack on Thursday with research underscoring another observation by Powell, that the U.S. is in a “low hiring, low firing environment.” Mei argued “job reallocation” has been in secular decline since the late 1990s, with churn instead driving “almost all the variation in turnover since the Great Recession.” As of 2025, he found churn was well below its pre-pandemic levels, something that “mostly fall[s] on younger workers.” In 2019, it took a young unemployed worker about 10 weeks to find a new job in a low-churn state, now that’s 12 weeks on average.
The Deutsche Bank study indicts training efforts by corporate actors, writing that “at-work training remains relatively limited, with only one in four respondents in Europe reporting having received any AI training to date, compared to nearly one in three in the U.S.” Although they don’t use the term, the analysts refer to the “shadow AI economy“: the dynamic where workers use AI in secret, even when not approved by their employer.
“Self-study patterns suggest some employees are trying to make up for the skills gap themselves,” the study says.
Amid these efforts, trust in AI lags behind usage. Even among regular users, about one-third assign low trust scores to AI-generated information, especially in sensitive areas like healthcare and personal finance.
For this story, Fortune used generative AI to help with an initial draft. An editor verified the accuracy of the information before publishing.