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技师短缺,波音“空军一号”项目深陷泥潭

财富中文网 2025-06-21 17:19:28

技师短缺,波音“空军一号”项目深陷泥潭
图片来源:Anna Moneymaker—Getty Images

• 在劳动力和设计问题持续困扰下,波音的“空军一号”项目已推迟多年,预算也超支数十亿美元。上周美国政府问责局在一份报告中指出,“持续存在的设计问题、返工修改和劳动力挑战”仍在困扰波音。特朗普政府不得不从卡塔尔采购一架价值4亿美元的飞机,作为临时的“空军一号”。

根据美国政府问责局的报告,波音仍在努力解决困扰“空军一号”的生产问题。

美国国防部告诉国会审计人员,“持续存在的设计问题、返工修改以及劳动力挑战拖延了两架波音747-8飞机改装为总统专机的进度”,上周三发布的一份报告称。

2018年唐纳德·特朗普总统任内,美国与波音公司签署了一份价值39亿美元的合同,要求设计、改装并测试两架飞机,2024年之前作为“空军一号”使用,然而持续延误下该项目已超出原定的交付日期。

为确保符合“空军一号”的规格,波音要对飞机进行大规模改装才能满足出行和最高安全级别的要求,大大拖慢了生产进程。特朗普已取消VC-25B飞机(即最新“空军一号”的型号)的空中加油功能,空中加油是指飞机在飞行过程中通过加油机接收燃料。

美国政府问责局表示,由于减压和环境控制系统设计方面的问题,再加上波音未完成认证计划和飞机设计,项目进展停滞不前,测试时间表也推迟。此外,波音一直未能确保该项目劳动力稳定。

“根据VC-25B项目官员的说法,由于市场状况持续低迷,波音在招聘和留住合格技师方面仍面临挑战,”报告称,“项目官员表示,技师安全许可的审批率仍然是劳动力的主要限制因素。”

去年秋天,尽管整个行业都面临人才短缺,波音仍宣布计划裁员10%。

波音努力解决进度困境的同时,2月特朗普威胁要为VC-25B项目寻找替代方案,转而从卡塔尔采购了一架价值4亿美元的波音747。这架获赠的卡塔尔飞机不仅引发了伦理和安全方面的担忧,而且飞机升级到“空军一号”标准可能还要花费纳税人10亿美元。

美国政府问责局表示,这笔10位数的费用是两架波音飞机近62亿美元开发和采购成本之上的额外支出,比合同最初规定的成本至少高出20亿美元。

波音和美国国防部均未回应《财富》的置评请求。

延误多年

特朗普早在第一个任期就委托波音制造新“空军一号”,然而他这个任期可能还是没机会坐上新飞机。2024年2月,波音将交付时间表从2027年5月修订为2029年12月,不过波音一位高层2月对路透社(Reuters)表示,项目可能“延长数年”。

现今困扰波音生产的问题与多年前导致延误的因素其实很相似。在2022年6月一份美国政府问责局报告中,审计人员表示,由于劳动力市场竞争激烈,波音的飞机技师劳动力受到限制,项目所需的很多熟练工人无法获得安全许可批准。

“由于VC-25B项目性质涉及总统安全,员工必须满足严格的安保要求才能获批,”报告称。“VC-25B官员表示,波音正在与项目办公室合作,改进申请人的预筛选流程,确保及时处理安全许可。”

特朗普第二任期刚开始,波音曾向时任政府效率部负责人的埃隆·马斯克求助。2月波音首席执行官凯利·奥特伯格在巴克莱银行一场会议上表示,马斯克帮忙解决了部分生产瓶颈问题。马斯克曾于2024年12月到访波音在圣安东尼奥的工厂。

“很显然总统对交付时间不满意。这点毋庸置疑,”奥特伯格说,“实际上马斯克帮了我们不少忙。”(*)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

• 在劳动力和设计问题持续困扰下,波音的“空军一号”项目已推迟多年,预算也超支数十亿美元。上周美国政府问责局在一份报告中指出,“持续存在的设计问题、返工修改和劳动力挑战”仍在困扰波音。特朗普政府不得不从卡塔尔采购一架价值4亿美元的飞机,作为临时的“空军一号”。

根据美国政府问责局的报告,波音仍在努力解决困扰“空军一号”的生产问题。

美国国防部告诉国会审计人员,“持续存在的设计问题、返工修改以及劳动力挑战拖延了两架波音747-8飞机改装为总统专机的进度”,上周三发布的一份报告称。

2018年唐纳德·特朗普总统任内,美国与波音公司签署了一份价值39亿美元的合同,要求设计、改装并测试两架飞机,2024年之前作为“空军一号”使用,然而持续延误下该项目已超出原定的交付日期。

为确保符合“空军一号”的规格,波音要对飞机进行大规模改装才能满足出行和最高安全级别的要求,大大拖慢了生产进程。特朗普已取消VC-25B飞机(即最新“空军一号”的型号)的空中加油功能,空中加油是指飞机在飞行过程中通过加油机接收燃料。

美国政府问责局表示,由于减压和环境控制系统设计方面的问题,再加上波音未完成认证计划和飞机设计,项目进展停滞不前,测试时间表也推迟。此外,波音一直未能确保该项目劳动力稳定。

“根据VC-25B项目官员的说法,由于市场状况持续低迷,波音在招聘和留住合格技师方面仍面临挑战,”报告称,“项目官员表示,技师安全许可的审批率仍然是劳动力的主要限制因素。”

去年秋天,尽管整个行业都面临人才短缺,波音仍宣布计划裁员10%。

波音努力解决进度困境的同时,2月特朗普威胁要为VC-25B项目寻找替代方案,转而从卡塔尔采购了一架价值4亿美元的波音747。这架获赠的卡塔尔飞机不仅引发了伦理和安全方面的担忧,而且飞机升级到“空军一号”标准可能还要花费纳税人10亿美元。

美国政府问责局表示,这笔10位数的费用是两架波音飞机近62亿美元开发和采购成本之上的额外支出,比合同最初规定的成本至少高出20亿美元。

波音和美国国防部均未回应《财富》的置评请求。

延误多年

特朗普早在第一个任期就委托波音制造新“空军一号”,然而他这个任期可能还是没机会坐上新飞机。2024年2月,波音将交付时间表从2027年5月修订为2029年12月,不过波音一位高层2月对路透社(Reuters)表示,项目可能“延长数年”。

现今困扰波音生产的问题与多年前导致延误的因素其实很相似。在2022年6月一份美国政府问责局报告中,审计人员表示,由于劳动力市场竞争激烈,波音的飞机技师劳动力受到限制,项目所需的很多熟练工人无法获得安全许可批准。

“由于VC-25B项目性质涉及总统安全,员工必须满足严格的安保要求才能获批,”报告称。“VC-25B官员表示,波音正在与项目办公室合作,改进申请人的预筛选流程,确保及时处理安全许可。”

特朗普第二任期刚开始,波音曾向时任政府效率部负责人的埃隆·马斯克求助。2月波音首席执行官凯利·奥特伯格在巴克莱银行一场会议上表示,马斯克帮忙解决了部分生产瓶颈问题。马斯克曾于2024年12月到访波音在圣安东尼奥的工厂。

“很显然总统对交付时间不满意。这点毋庸置疑,”奥特伯格说,“实际上马斯克帮了我们不少忙。”(*)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

• Boeing’s Air Force One project has fallen years behind schedule and billions of dollars over budget amid continued labor and design hiccups. The Government Accountability Office said in a report this week that “ongoing design issues, modification rework, and workforce challenges” are still plaguing the manufacturer. The Trump administration has resorted to procuring a $400 million jet from Qatar to serve as the interim Air Force One.

Boeing is continuing to battle production issues plaguing the jets that will serve as Air Force One, according to the Government Accountability Office (GAO).

The Pentagon told the congressional auditors that “ongoing design issues, modification rework, and workforce challenges slowed therogress toward modifying two Boeing 747-8 aircraft into presidential aircraft,” a report released Wednesday said.

The United States, under President Donald Trump, signed a $3.9 billion contract with Boeing in 2018 to have two planes designed, modified, and tested to serve as Air Force One by 2024, but persistent delays have pushed the project past its delivery date.

In order for the aircraft to meet Air Force One specifications, Boeing needs to heavily modify the jets to meet travel and top-level security needs, which has slowed down the production process considerably. Trump has dropped a requirement for the VC-25B planes to have air-to-air flying capabilities, which would allow them to receive fuel from a tanker aircraft while in flight.

Progress on the aircraft has stalled as a result of issues around decompression and the environmental control system design, and Boeing’s incomplete certification plans and aircraft design have also pushed back the timetable for testing, the GAO said. The aircraft manufacturer has also been unable to keep a steady workforce for the project.

“Boeing still faces challenges hiring and retaining qualified mechanics due to ongoing market conditions, according to VC-25B officials,” the report said. “Program officials said that approval rates for mechanics to acquire necessary clearances remain a workforce limitation.”

Last fall, Boeing announced plans to lay off 10% of its workforce, despite industrywide talent shortages.

As Boeing tries to push through its scheduling woes, Trump has instead procured a $400 million Boeing 474 from Qatar after threatening in February to find alternatives to the VC-25B project. The gifted Qatari jet has not only raised ethical and security concerns, but it will likely cost taxpayers $1 billion to service and update the jet to Air Force One standards.

The 10-digit chunk of change is on top of the projected development and procurement cost of the two Boeing aircraft, according to GAO, which is nearly $6.2 billion—at least $2 billion more expensive than the cost originally outlined in the contract.

Boeing and the Pentagon did not respond to Fortune’s requests for comment.

Years of delays

Though Trump commissioned Boeing for the new jets during his first term, there’s a good chance the president will likely not fly on the new Air Force One during his administration. In February 2024, Boeing revised its delivery schedule from May 2027 to December 2029, but a Boeing senior official told Reuters in February the program could stretch “years beyond” 2029.

The issues plaguing Boeing’s production now look similar to the delaying variables from years past. In a June 2022 GAO report, the auditors said Boeing’s aircraft mechanic workforce was limited because of a competitive labor market and that many of the skilled workers needed on the project were unable to get security-clearance approval.

“Employees must meet stringent security requirements to work on the VC-25B program because of its presidential mission,” the report said. “VC-25B officials said that Boeing continues to work with the program office to improve the prescreening process for applicants to ensure timely processing of security clearances.”

Earlier in Trump’s second term, Boeing sought help from Elon Musk, then leader of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). Boeing CEO Kelly Ortberg said at a Barclays conference in February the advisory has helped remove some production bottlenecks. Musk visited Boeing’s San Antonio facility in December 2024.

“The president’s clearly not happy with the delivery timing. I think he’s made that well known,” Ortberg said. “And Elon Musk is actually helping us a lot.”

*