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大众汽车想要争夺Waymo和特斯拉的蛋糕

财富中文网 2025-06-25 04:30:03

大众汽车想要争夺Waymo和特斯拉的蛋糕
大众汽车集团(VW Group)高管萨沙·迈耶(Sascha Meyer)表示,该汽车制造商旨在帮助现有交通服务提供商,而非将其挤出市场。图片来源:Marcus Brandt—picture alliance via Getty Images

• 这家德国汽车制造商正准备明年凭借其大众ID. Buzz AD车型进军自动驾驶网约车服务市场。不过,该公司旨在成为合作伙伴,而非与现有交通服务提供商展开竞争。这种差异化策略源于公众对自动驾驶出租车持续存在的抵触情绪。

两年前,当大型科技公司首次在旧金山部署自动驾驶汽车时,便遭遇了罕见的公众抵制。

愤怒的居民用交通锥蓄意破坏自动驾驶出租车,就连旧金山市消防局局长也常谴责其为危险的城市公害。即便时至今日,洛杉矶近期因大规模移民驱逐事件引发的骚乱中,抗议者故意焚烧Waymo车辆,造成数十万美元损失。

一家准备进军自动驾驶网约车领域的传统企业,计划在明年推出产品时采用截然不同的策略。德国大众汽车集团押注于这样一种判断:社会各界早已厌倦硅谷“快速行动、打破常规”理念所造成的附带损害。

大众汽车集团高管萨沙·迈耶在试乘其自动驾驶出租车时对《财富》杂志表示:“我们的路径与众不同——我们有意依托既有基础设施,成为合作伙伴。我们认为,赢得社会认可的关键在于成为一家广受欢迎的服务提供者,这正源于我们不会与现有体系争锋相对。”

上周,该汽车集团展示了其基于复古风格的大众ID. Buzz电动微型巴士打造的自动驾驶网约车量产系列。该车型配备必要的车队管理软件和数字客户预订平台,旨在为地方交通管理部门及其他商业车队提供一套可轻松融入其服务的交钥匙解决方案。

虽然Waymo或特斯拉计划与现有供应商展开竞争,但这家德国汽车制造商的目标是成为平等的合作伙伴,与那些期望获得其助力的社区携手合作。

预计自动驾驶网约车市场未来十年将实现大幅增长

尽管首批约500辆车需待明年才会在洛杉矶优步(Uber)平台部署,但大众坚信,市场份额的争夺战才刚刚打响。

它笃定,麦肯锡预计到2035年北美和欧洲自动驾驶网约车服务将带来3500亿至4500亿欧元收入,届时市场将有足够需求可供各方分食,这意味着未来十年或能实现超5000亿美元的增长。

迈耶负责运营大众汽车集团旗下的出行服务子公司MOIA,该公司将推出一款高科技版零排放大众ID. Buzz电动小型货车,并为其配备后端软件生态系统。

《财富》杂志记者曾有机会与迈耶一同试乘自动驾驶出租车,车辆穿梭于汉堡的繁忙街巷,车内始终有一名安全驾驶员坐在驾驶座上。得益于市政官员的大力支持,大众汽车集团已在德国第二大城市汉堡悄然开展该技术测试达数年之久。

欧洲公共交通管理部门难以被取代

大众汽车所设想的白标服务意味着,客户仅需在车辆上粘贴自身标识,并在面向客户的前端装饰上自家企业标识,即可投入运营。

该集团的市场推广策略高度依赖公共交通管理部门,这种策略深受其欧洲背景的影响。这些以国有和市属性质为主的公司拥有成熟的公共交通网络,在城市、郊区和城郊交通中扮演着至关重要的角色,难以被取代。

以在德国首都柏林运营的柏林交通管理局为例,大众汽车集团已与该局签署意向书。柏林交通管理局拥有密集的公交、有轨电车、地铁及通勤列车网络,每日承载着300万人往返于大都市区域,满足日常出行需求。倘若柏林交通管理局品牌的自动驾驶出租车能融入其服务体系,其普及速度将远超大众汽车与其竞争时的情形。

与政府官员合作对汽车制造商而言是顺势而为

从某种程度上看,大众汽车的市场合作策略可谓是顺势而为。数十年来,汽车制造商始终与各州及联邦机构的监管部门保持密切协作,确保车辆符合交通安全与环保标准。

然而在硅谷,监管机构往往被视为可疑对象——轻则被视为麻烦制造者,重则被视为敌人。自动驾驶出租车开发商Cruise的丑闻印证了这一点:在2023年10月旧金山发生致命事故后,这家科技初创公司故意向事故调查人员隐瞒关键信息,几周前加州政府刚对其建立的信任就此崩塌。

当Cruise母公司通用汽车(General Motors)得知此事后,迅速采取行动罢免了首席执行官,但为时已晚,声誉已遭重创。Cruise于12月暂停所有运营,通用汽车也退出了自动驾驶网约车竞赛。

随着同城竞争对手福特(Ford)更早退出,传统汽车行业中仅剩大众汽车和现代汽车(通过其子公司Motional)仍在竞争。其余参与者均为人工智能科技公司,如Waymo、特斯拉、亚马逊旗下子公司Zoox,以及中国百度、英国Wayve等海外同行。

这绝非赢者通吃的市场

诚然,迈耶清楚竞争对手已抢占先机,不会轻易拱手相让。

“Waymo拥有无可争议的领先优势,这是显而易见的,我认为它们不会以任何形式放慢脚步。”他告诉《财富》杂志。

此外,特斯拉也在奥斯汀推出自己的试点项目,已于上周日启动。尽管迈耶坦言,特斯拉升级到全面商业化的自动驾驶出租车服务可能只是时间问题,但他认为并非毫无胜算。

首先,这两家公司均未涉足欧洲市场,而欧洲市场向来以对未经验证技术持更为审慎的态度而闻名,且会迅速出台法规以应对公共安全方面的威胁。特斯拉引以为傲的“完全自动驾驶”(FSD)功能——作为其自动驾驶出租车实现必要智能的软件栈——尚未在欧洲任何区域获得使用许可。事实上,该功能甚至尚未作为高级驾驶辅助功能推出。

这为大众汽车创造了充足契机,使其得以获批至少生产10000辆自动驾驶出租车,甚至可能更多。而且,即便待大众汽车准备就绪之际,Waymo和特斯拉仍占据领先地位,迈耶认为,社区也会要求自动驾驶网约车服务提供商之间保持一定程度的良性竞争,以确保以低成本提供优质服务。

他表示:“即便在美国,也不会有人乐意看到垄断局面出现。我们坚信这绝非赢者通吃的市场。”(*)

译者:中慧言-王芳

• 这家德国汽车制造商正准备明年凭借其大众ID. Buzz AD车型进军自动驾驶网约车服务市场。不过,该公司旨在成为合作伙伴,而非与现有交通服务提供商展开竞争。这种差异化策略源于公众对自动驾驶出租车持续存在的抵触情绪。

两年前,当大型科技公司首次在旧金山部署自动驾驶汽车时,便遭遇了罕见的公众抵制。

愤怒的居民用交通锥蓄意破坏自动驾驶出租车,就连旧金山市消防局局长也常谴责其为危险的城市公害。即便时至今日,洛杉矶近期因大规模移民驱逐事件引发的骚乱中,抗议者故意焚烧Waymo车辆,造成数十万美元损失。

一家准备进军自动驾驶网约车领域的传统企业,计划在明年推出产品时采用截然不同的策略。德国大众汽车集团押注于这样一种判断:社会各界早已厌倦硅谷“快速行动、打破常规”理念所造成的附带损害。

大众汽车集团高管萨沙·迈耶在试乘其自动驾驶出租车时对《财富》杂志表示:“我们的路径与众不同——我们有意依托既有基础设施,成为合作伙伴。我们认为,赢得社会认可的关键在于成为一家广受欢迎的服务提供者,这正源于我们不会与现有体系争锋相对。”

上周,该汽车集团展示了其基于复古风格的大众ID. Buzz电动微型巴士打造的自动驾驶网约车量产系列。该车型配备必要的车队管理软件和数字客户预订平台,旨在为地方交通管理部门及其他商业车队提供一套可轻松融入其服务的交钥匙解决方案。

虽然Waymo或特斯拉计划与现有供应商展开竞争,但这家德国汽车制造商的目标是成为平等的合作伙伴,与那些期望获得其助力的社区携手合作。

预计自动驾驶网约车市场未来十年将实现大幅增长

尽管首批约500辆车需待明年才会在洛杉矶优步(Uber)平台部署,但大众坚信,市场份额的争夺战才刚刚打响。

它笃定,麦肯锡预计到2035年北美和欧洲自动驾驶网约车服务将带来3500亿至4500亿欧元收入,届时市场将有足够需求可供各方分食,这意味着未来十年或能实现超5000亿美元的增长。

迈耶负责运营大众汽车集团旗下的出行服务子公司MOIA,该公司将推出一款高科技版零排放大众ID. Buzz电动小型货车,并为其配备后端软件生态系统。

《财富》杂志记者曾有机会与迈耶一同试乘自动驾驶出租车,车辆穿梭于汉堡的繁忙街巷,车内始终有一名安全驾驶员坐在驾驶座上。得益于市政官员的大力支持,大众汽车集团已在德国第二大城市汉堡悄然开展该技术测试达数年之久。

欧洲公共交通管理部门难以被取代

大众汽车所设想的白标服务意味着,客户仅需在车辆上粘贴自身标识,并在面向客户的前端装饰上自家企业标识,即可投入运营。

该集团的市场推广策略高度依赖公共交通管理部门,这种策略深受其欧洲背景的影响。这些以国有和市属性质为主的公司拥有成熟的公共交通网络,在城市、郊区和城郊交通中扮演着至关重要的角色,难以被取代。

以在德国首都柏林运营的柏林交通管理局为例,大众汽车集团已与该局签署意向书。柏林交通管理局拥有密集的公交、有轨电车、地铁及通勤列车网络,每日承载着300万人往返于大都市区域,满足日常出行需求。倘若柏林交通管理局品牌的自动驾驶出租车能融入其服务体系,其普及速度将远超大众汽车与其竞争时的情形。

与政府官员合作对汽车制造商而言是顺势而为

从某种程度上看,大众汽车的市场合作策略可谓是顺势而为。数十年来,汽车制造商始终与各州及联邦机构的监管部门保持密切协作,确保车辆符合交通安全与环保标准。

然而在硅谷,监管机构往往被视为可疑对象——轻则被视为麻烦制造者,重则被视为敌人。自动驾驶出租车开发商Cruise的丑闻印证了这一点:在2023年10月旧金山发生致命事故后,这家科技初创公司故意向事故调查人员隐瞒关键信息,几周前加州政府刚对其建立的信任就此崩塌。

当Cruise母公司通用汽车(General Motors)得知此事后,迅速采取行动罢免了首席执行官,但为时已晚,声誉已遭重创。Cruise于12月暂停所有运营,通用汽车也退出了自动驾驶网约车竞赛。

随着同城竞争对手福特(Ford)更早退出,传统汽车行业中仅剩大众汽车和现代汽车(通过其子公司Motional)仍在竞争。其余参与者均为人工智能科技公司,如Waymo、特斯拉、亚马逊旗下子公司Zoox,以及中国百度、英国Wayve等海外同行。

这绝非赢者通吃的市场

诚然,迈耶清楚竞争对手已抢占先机,不会轻易拱手相让。

“Waymo拥有无可争议的领先优势,这是显而易见的,我认为它们不会以任何形式放慢脚步。”他告诉《财富》杂志。

此外,特斯拉也在奥斯汀推出自己的试点项目,已于上周日启动。尽管迈耶坦言,特斯拉升级到全面商业化的自动驾驶出租车服务可能只是时间问题,但他认为并非毫无胜算。

首先,这两家公司均未涉足欧洲市场,而欧洲市场向来以对未经验证技术持更为审慎的态度而闻名,且会迅速出台法规以应对公共安全方面的威胁。特斯拉引以为傲的“完全自动驾驶”(FSD)功能——作为其自动驾驶出租车实现必要智能的软件栈——尚未在欧洲任何区域获得使用许可。事实上,该功能甚至尚未作为高级驾驶辅助功能推出。

这为大众汽车创造了充足契机,使其得以获批至少生产10000辆自动驾驶出租车,甚至可能更多。而且,即便待大众汽车准备就绪之际,Waymo和特斯拉仍占据领先地位,迈耶认为,社区也会要求自动驾驶网约车服务提供商之间保持一定程度的良性竞争,以确保以低成本提供优质服务。

他表示:“即便在美国,也不会有人乐意看到垄断局面出现。我们坚信这绝非赢者通吃的市场。”(*)

译者:中慧言-王芳

• The German carmaker is preparing to enter the market for autonomous ride-hailing services next year with its Volkswagen ID. Buzz AD. But instead of competing against existing transportation providers, it aims to work with them as a partner. The different approach comes amid continued popular resentment towards robotaxis.

When Big Tech first began deploying self-driving cars to San Francisco two years ago, companies encountered something unusual—popular resistance.

Angry residents would sabotage the robotaxis with the help of traffic cones, while the city’s fire department chief herself would regularly malign them as a dangerous nuisance. Even today, during the recent outbreak of civil unrest in Los Angeles over mass deportations, protesters caused hundreds of thousands of dollars when they deliberately torched Waymo cars.

One old economy company preparing to enter the autonomous ride-hailing space is taking a completely different approach when it launches next year. Germany’s Volkswagen is wagering society at large is increasingly fed up with the collateral damage left behind by Silicon Valley’s move-fast-and-break-things mentality.

“Our approach is different—we deliberately want to act as partners that build upon existing infrastructure,” VW Group executive Sascha Meyer told Fortune during a test drive of its robotaxi. “A key point for social acceptance we believe is being a service provider whose presence is desired precisely because we will not be competing with systems already in place.”

This week, VW revealed the series production version of its autonomous ride-hailing cab based on its retro-styled VW ID. Buzz EV microbus. Packaged together with the requisite fleet management software and digital customer booking platform, it wants to offer local transportation authorities and other commercial fleets a turnkey solution that can be integrated effortlessly into their service.

While a Waymo or a Tesla plan to compete with existing providers, the German carmaker aims to be an equal partner working hand in glove with communities that want their help.

Enormous growth projected for autonomous ride-hailing over the next 10 years

Even if the first roughly 500 vehicles won’t be deployed to Uber for use in Los Angeles until next year, VW believes the race for market share is only just beginning.

It’s convinced there will be more than enough demand to grab a bite out of the €350 billion-€450 billion in revenue McKinsey projects for autonomous ride-hailing services in North America and Europe by 2035. That’s more than half a trillion dollars worth of growth over the next 10 years, potentially.

Meyer runs MOIA, the mobility services subsidiary of the VW Group which will offer a high-tech version of the zero-emission Volkswagen ID. Buzz electric minivan complete with the backend software ecosystem around it.

Fortune had a chance to ride along with Meyer in one as the robotaxi navigated its way—with a safety driver behind the wheel at all times—through the busy streets of Hamburg. Here in Germany’s second-largest city, Volkswagen has quietly been testing the technology for several years now thanks to the active support of city officials.

Europe’s public transit authorities difficult to displace

The white label service Volkswagen has in mind means all customers need to do is slap their logo on the vehicle and adorn the customer-facing front end with their respective corporate identity and they are ready to go.

The group’s go-to-market strategy heavily incorporates public transit authorities, an approach influenced by its European roots. With their extensive wealth of well-built mass transit networks, these mainly state and municipal-owned companies play a role in urban, suburban and ex-urban mobility so crucial it would be difficult to displace them.

Take for example the BVG authority operated by the German capital of Berlin, with whom VW Group already has signeda letter of intent. Three million people entrust their everyday transportation needs to its fine meshed web of buses, streetcars, subways and commuter trains to get back and forth in the greater metropolitan area every day. A BVG-branded robotaxi integrated into its service should see far faster adoption than were Volkswagen to compete alongside it.

Partnering a natural fit for automakers used to working with state officials

In a way, VW’s partnership approach to the market is a natural fit. Carmakers have decades of experience working closely with regulators from various agencies, state and federal, to ensure their cars conform with traffic safety and environmental standards.

In Silicon Valley, however, regulators are often viewed with suspicion—at best an irritant, at worst the enemy. The debacle around robotaxi developer Cruise proved that: following a fateful October 2023 accident in San Francisco, the tech startup deliberately withheld crucial information from crash investigators, shattering what trust was placed in them by the state of California only weeks earlier.

When Cruise owner General Motors found out, it acted swiftly to sideline the CEO, but by then it was too late and the reputational damage was done. Cruise ceased all operations and GM pulled out of the autonomous ride-hailing race in December.

With crosstown rival Ford already giving up even earlier, only Volkswagen and Hyundai, through its Motional subsidiary, still remain in contention from the legacy car industry. The rest are AI tech companies like Waymo, Tesla, Amazon subsidiary Zoox as well as their foreign equivalents like China’s Baidu and Wayve in the UK.

Not a winner-takes-all market

Of course, Meyer knows that the competition has a head start they won’t hand over willingly.

“Waymo has an indisputable lead, that’s clear, and I don’t believe they’re going to slow down in any way,” he told Fortune.

Then there’s Tesla, which is gearing up to launch its own pilot in Austin due to launch Sunday. While Meyer readily admits it’s likely only a matter of time until Tesla can graduate to a full commercial robotaxi service, he believes all is not lost.

For one, neither is present in Europe, a market known for being far more risk-averse towards unproven technologies and quick to regulate against threats towards public safety. Tesla’s vaunted Full Self-Driving (FSD) feature, a software stack that will imbue its robotaxis with the requisite intelligence, hasn’t yet been approved for use anywhere on the continent. In fact, it’s not even available as an advanced driver assist.

This offers enough of an opportunity for Volkswagen to greenlight the production of at least 10,000 robotaxi vehicles, potentially more. And even if Waymo and Tesla do retain their lead by the time VW is ready, Meyer believes communities will demand some degree of healthy competition among autonomous ride hailing providers in order to ensure an optimum service for a low cost.

“No one, not even in the United States, will be happy if there’s a monopoly,” he said. “We don’t believe it will be a winner-takes-all market.”

*