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AI令一些人失业,但也让一些人工资大涨

财富中文网 2025-07-31 20:03:39

AI令一些人失业,但也让一些人工资大涨
图片来源:Getty Images

你可能已在Fortune Intelligence等处读到过相关报道,甚至或许你或你的朋友已受到影响,AI正在深刻重塑工作模式,尤以招聘、解雇两方面为甚。其冲击在劳动力市场体现得最为明显。作为AI应用的原爆点,科技行业见证着大批员工被其参与创造的创新技术所取代。企业竞相将AI融入从云基础设施到客户支持的各个环节,同时缩减软件工程、IT支持和行政职能的人员规模。AI驱动的自动化浪潮不断加快科技行业的裁员速度,有统计显示,受影响员工数量已高达8万人。仅微软一家公司就裁减了1.5万个岗位,该公司同时承诺向新AI项目再投入800亿美元。

不过劳动力市场情报公司Lightcast提供的数据为未来带来了一线希望。那些要求具备AI技能的非技术岗位的薪资水平正在大幅飙升。Lightcast发布的新报告《超越喧嚣》(Beyond the Buzz)对超过13亿份招聘信息进行了分析,结果显示,此类职位的薪资平均增加了28%——相当于每年多赚近1.8万美元。该研究凸显了技术与非技术领域招聘的分化:技术类岗位对AI技能的需求依然强劲,但IT与计算机科学领域中的AI职位占比已从2019年的61%下降至2024年的49%。这表明随着AI承担的工作份额日益增加,传统技术岗位的规模正持续萎缩。

非技术领域AI需求爆发式增长

Lightcast的研究表明,AI非但没有扼杀就业机会,反而正在将机遇播撒到更广泛的经济活动之中。2024年要求具备AI技能的所有职位中,有超半数来自非科技行业——这与前些年AI局限于硅谷和计算机科学实验室的情况相比,形成了天翻地覆的变化。市场营销、人力资源、金融、教育、制造业和客户服务等领域都在快速整合AI工具,从生成营销内容的GenAI平台,到优化供应链与招聘流程的预测分析引擎,应有尽有。

事实上,2022年以来,在ChatGPT、Microsoft Copilot和DALL-E等工具快速普及的推动之下,在招聘时要求具备GenAI技能的非IT、计算机科学领域岗位数量已暴增八倍之多。营销、设计、教育及人力资源领域是目前AI应用增长最快的行业,都在积极适应新的工具箱、工作流程和价值创造模式。

LightCast负责研究创新与人才洞察的副总裁科尔·纳珀在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示,尽管当前招聘信息中对AI技能的需求激增,但受其冲击最大的行业分布却无显著规律,艺术类岗位反而排在首位,这一现象令他颇为讶异。

AI技能需求旺盛

对广大劳动者而言,掌握AI技能正成为当今回报最高的技能投资之一。如能掌握两项或更多AI技能能,薪资水平还有望进一步提高,比招聘广告中的薪资再高出43%。

根据Lightcast的《2025年AI指数报告》(2025 Artificial Intelligence Index Report),2024年,有超过66000个职位在招聘信息中明确要求应聘者掌握GenAI技能,较前一年增长近四倍。 需求量第二的AI技能是大语言模型 (Large language modeling),提及该技能的招聘信息有19500条。ChatGPT和提示词工程两项技能则分列第三、第四。

在客户支持、销售和制造等行业,由于各家公司竞相推动常规职能自动化,力图借助AI获取竞争优势,所以给AI人才开出的薪酬涨幅最大。

AI营销服务公司Thoughtlight创始人克里斯蒂娜·英奇在发给《财富》杂志的信息中表示,AI不仅能够自动处理繁琐事务,更已成为员工提升自身对公司价值的工具,其可以通过熟练掌握AI技能在职场中脱颖而出。她举例说,销售人员可以利用AI更有的放矢地与客户进行沟通,从而加快成交速度。客服人员亦是如此。

英奇强调:“精通AI的客服人员不仅懂得如何解读AI输出的结果,能编写清晰的提示词,还能在AI应答偏离预设轨道时,及时干预修正,解决问题。这种能将人类判断力与AI技能熟练结合的人才极为稀缺,完全值得企业支付额外薪酬。”

在市场营销和科研等领域,掌握单一AI技能即可获得丰厚回报;而在技术岗位上,企业则倾向招募具备高级机器学习知识或GenAI专长的技术专家。

关键在于,顶尖AI岗位所需要的绝非仅是高超的技术能力。企业最看重的是复合型人才,在AI相关岗位的招聘需求中,沟通协调能力、领导能力、问题解决能力、研究分析能力及客户服务能力均位列十大核心能力要求之中,与之并列的还有机器学习、人工智能等技术基础能力。

该研究报告指出:“虽然GenAI在写作和编码等领域表现出色,但一些人类独有的能力,如沟通、管理、创新和解决复杂问题的能力,在AI时代正展现出更高价值。”

赢家与输家

技术变革对职场的影响日益凸显。在自身工作内容自动化水平不断提高的当下,如果技术员工不能迅速转型至融合商业、技术与人际沟通等技能的新兴领域,其被取代的风险将会越来越高。与此同时,数百万非技术岗位从业者仅需掌握基础AI应用能力,即可获得升职、加薪的机会。如今,只有那些将AI技术同人类判断力、创造力及商业智慧相结合的组织与专业人士才能在竞争中真正占得先机。

对企业而言,风险显而易见。当下企业若将AI视为孤立的技术门类,那么这项技术就会成为其竞争的负担。头部企业都在大力投资,让AI技术融入企业的各项业务之中,提升营销团队、人力资源部门和财务分析师的技能,进而打造出面向未来的员工队伍。

AI或会在硅谷董事会引发动荡,但其带来的经济红利正迅速流向经济活动中的每一名劳动者和每一家企业。对于能够适应变革的人群而言,AI技能的普及并非失业预兆,而是通往更高薪资与全新职业机遇的通行证。不过,现有研究尚未明确揭示薪资增长具体源自哪些收入阶层。因此,纳珀指出,这种情况可能是薪资结构压缩的某种表现,即高薪技术岗位逐渐淘汰,而低薪岗位的薪酬水平获得小幅提升。

纳珀表示,过去几年,要求具备AI技能的岗位数量呈爆炸式增长,且这一趋势短期内不会放缓,他认为,“安于现状就要付出代价”,比如薪水的大幅缩水。他补充说,关于前文提及的28%涨薪,Lightcast还将发布后续研究,探讨这一趋势对哪些收入阶层影响最大。(*)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

你可能已在Fortune Intelligence等处读到过相关报道,甚至或许你或你的朋友已受到影响,AI正在深刻重塑工作模式,尤以招聘、解雇两方面为甚。其冲击在劳动力市场体现得最为明显。作为AI应用的原爆点,科技行业见证着大批员工被其参与创造的创新技术所取代。企业竞相将AI融入从云基础设施到客户支持的各个环节,同时缩减软件工程、IT支持和行政职能的人员规模。AI驱动的自动化浪潮不断加快科技行业的裁员速度,有统计显示,受影响员工数量已高达8万人。仅微软一家公司就裁减了1.5万个岗位,该公司同时承诺向新AI项目再投入800亿美元。

不过劳动力市场情报公司Lightcast提供的数据为未来带来了一线希望。那些要求具备AI技能的非技术岗位的薪资水平正在大幅飙升。Lightcast发布的新报告《超越喧嚣》(Beyond the Buzz)对超过13亿份招聘信息进行了分析,结果显示,此类职位的薪资平均增加了28%——相当于每年多赚近1.8万美元。该研究凸显了技术与非技术领域招聘的分化:技术类岗位对AI技能的需求依然强劲,但IT与计算机科学领域中的AI职位占比已从2019年的61%下降至2024年的49%。这表明随着AI承担的工作份额日益增加,传统技术岗位的规模正持续萎缩。

非技术领域AI需求爆发式增长

Lightcast的研究表明,AI非但没有扼杀就业机会,反而正在将机遇播撒到更广泛的经济活动之中。2024年要求具备AI技能的所有职位中,有超半数来自非科技行业——这与前些年AI局限于硅谷和计算机科学实验室的情况相比,形成了天翻地覆的变化。市场营销、人力资源、金融、教育、制造业和客户服务等领域都在快速整合AI工具,从生成营销内容的GenAI平台,到优化供应链与招聘流程的预测分析引擎,应有尽有。

事实上,2022年以来,在ChatGPT、Microsoft Copilot和DALL-E等工具快速普及的推动之下,在招聘时要求具备GenAI技能的非IT、计算机科学领域岗位数量已暴增八倍之多。营销、设计、教育及人力资源领域是目前AI应用增长最快的行业,都在积极适应新的工具箱、工作流程和价值创造模式。

LightCast负责研究创新与人才洞察的副总裁科尔·纳珀在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示,尽管当前招聘信息中对AI技能的需求激增,但受其冲击最大的行业分布却无显著规律,艺术类岗位反而排在首位,这一现象令他颇为讶异。

AI技能需求旺盛

对广大劳动者而言,掌握AI技能正成为当今回报最高的技能投资之一。如能掌握两项或更多AI技能能,薪资水平还有望进一步提高,比招聘广告中的薪资再高出43%。

根据Lightcast的《2025年AI指数报告》(2025 Artificial Intelligence Index Report),2024年,有超过66000个职位在招聘信息中明确要求应聘者掌握GenAI技能,较前一年增长近四倍。 需求量第二的AI技能是大语言模型 (Large language modeling),提及该技能的招聘信息有19500条。ChatGPT和提示词工程两项技能则分列第三、第四。

在客户支持、销售和制造等行业,由于各家公司竞相推动常规职能自动化,力图借助AI获取竞争优势,所以给AI人才开出的薪酬涨幅最大。

AI营销服务公司Thoughtlight创始人克里斯蒂娜·英奇在发给《财富》杂志的信息中表示,AI不仅能够自动处理繁琐事务,更已成为员工提升自身对公司价值的工具,其可以通过熟练掌握AI技能在职场中脱颖而出。她举例说,销售人员可以利用AI更有的放矢地与客户进行沟通,从而加快成交速度。客服人员亦是如此。

英奇强调:“精通AI的客服人员不仅懂得如何解读AI输出的结果,能编写清晰的提示词,还能在AI应答偏离预设轨道时,及时干预修正,解决问题。这种能将人类判断力与AI技能熟练结合的人才极为稀缺,完全值得企业支付额外薪酬。”

在市场营销和科研等领域,掌握单一AI技能即可获得丰厚回报;而在技术岗位上,企业则倾向招募具备高级机器学习知识或GenAI专长的技术专家。

关键在于,顶尖AI岗位所需要的绝非仅是高超的技术能力。企业最看重的是复合型人才,在AI相关岗位的招聘需求中,沟通协调能力、领导能力、问题解决能力、研究分析能力及客户服务能力均位列十大核心能力要求之中,与之并列的还有机器学习、人工智能等技术基础能力。

该研究报告指出:“虽然GenAI在写作和编码等领域表现出色,但一些人类独有的能力,如沟通、管理、创新和解决复杂问题的能力,在AI时代正展现出更高价值。”

赢家与输家

技术变革对职场的影响日益凸显。在自身工作内容自动化水平不断提高的当下,如果技术员工不能迅速转型至融合商业、技术与人际沟通等技能的新兴领域,其被取代的风险将会越来越高。与此同时,数百万非技术岗位从业者仅需掌握基础AI应用能力,即可获得升职、加薪的机会。如今,只有那些将AI技术同人类判断力、创造力及商业智慧相结合的组织与专业人士才能在竞争中真正占得先机。

对企业而言,风险显而易见。当下企业若将AI视为孤立的技术门类,那么这项技术就会成为其竞争的负担。头部企业都在大力投资,让AI技术融入企业的各项业务之中,提升营销团队、人力资源部门和财务分析师的技能,进而打造出面向未来的员工队伍。

AI或会在硅谷董事会引发动荡,但其带来的经济红利正迅速流向经济活动中的每一名劳动者和每一家企业。对于能够适应变革的人群而言,AI技能的普及并非失业预兆,而是通往更高薪资与全新职业机遇的通行证。不过,现有研究尚未明确揭示薪资增长具体源自哪些收入阶层。因此,纳珀指出,这种情况可能是薪资结构压缩的某种表现,即高薪技术岗位逐渐淘汰,而低薪岗位的薪酬水平获得小幅提升。

纳珀表示,过去几年,要求具备AI技能的岗位数量呈爆炸式增长,且这一趋势短期内不会放缓,他认为,“安于现状就要付出代价”,比如薪水的大幅缩水。他补充说,关于前文提及的28%涨薪,Lightcast还将发布后续研究,探讨这一趋势对哪些收入阶层影响最大。(*)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

You’ve read about it all over, including in Fortune Intelligence. Maybe you or friends have been impacted: artificial intelligence is already transforming work, not least hiring and firing. Nowhere is the impact more visible than in the labor market. The technology industry, the original epicenter of AI adoption, is now seeing many of its own workers displaced by the very innovations they helped create. Employers, racing to integrate AI into everything from cloud infrastructure to customer support, are trimming human headcount in software engineering, IT support, and administrative functions. The rise of AI-powered automation is accelerating layoffs in the tech sector, with impacted employees as high as 80,000 in one count. Microsoft alone is trimming 15,000 jobs while committing $80 billion to new AI investments.

But labor market intelligence firm Lightcast is offering a ray of hope going forward. Job postings for non-tech roles that require AI skills are soaring in value. Lightcast’s new “Beyond the Buzz” report, based on analysis of over 1.3 billion job postings, shows that these postings offer 28% higher salaries—an average of nearly $18,000 more per year. The Lightcast research underscores the split in tech and non-tech hiring: job postings for AI skills in tech roles remain robust, but the proportion of AI jobs within IT and computer science has fallen, dropping from 61% in 2019 to just 49% in 2024. This signals an ongoing contraction of traditional tech roles as AI claims an ever-larger share of the work.

AI demand explodes beyond tech

Rather than stifling workforce prospects, Lightcast’s research suggests that AI is dispersing opportunity across the broader economy. More than half of all jobs requesting AI skills in 2024 appeared outside the tech sector—a radical reversal from previous years, when AI was confined to Silicon Valley and computer science labs. Fields like marketing, HR, finance, education, manufacturing, and customer service are rapidly integrating AI tools, from generative AI platforms that craft marketing content to predictive analytics engines that optimize supply chains and recruitment.

In fact, job postings mentioning generative AI skills outside IT and computer science have surged an astonishing 800% since 2022, catalyzed by the proliferation of tools like ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and DALL-E. Marketing, design, education, and HR are some of the fastest growers in AI adoption—each adapting to new toolkits, workflows, and ways of creating value.

Cole Napper, VP of research, innovation, and talent insights at Lightcast, told Fortune in an interview that he was struck by the lack of a discernible pattern for which industries were most affected by the explosion of AI skills present in job postings, noting that the arts come top of the list.

AI skills are in demand

For the workforce at large, AI proficiency is emerging as one of today’s most lucrative skill investments. Possessing two or more AI skills sends paychecks even higher, with a 43% premium on advertised salaries.

In 2024, more than 66,000 job postings specifically mentioned generative AI as a skill, a nearly fourfold increase from the prior year, according to the Lightcast’s 2025 Artificial Intelligence Index Report. Large language modeling was the second most common AI skill, which showed up in 19,500 open job posts. Postings listing ChatGPT and prompt engineering as skills ranked third and fourth in frequency, respectively.

Sectors such as customer/client support, sales, and manufacturing reported the largest pay bumps for AI-skilled workers, as companies race to automate routine functions and leverage AI for competitive advantage.

Christina Inge, founder of Thoughtlight, an AI marketing service, told Fortune in a message AI isn’t just automating busywork, it’s also becoming a tool AI-fluent workers can leverage to increase their own value to a company—and to outperform their peers. Take, for example, someone in sales using AI to create more targeted conversations to close deals faster, Inge wrote. The same can be said for customer service workers.

“[Customer service workers fluent in AI] know how to interpret AI outputs, write clear prompts, and troubleshoot when things go off script,” Inge said. “That combination of human judgment and AI fluency is hard to find and well worth the extra pay.”

In fields like marketing and science, even single AI skills can yield large returns, while more technical positions gravitate to specialists with advanced machine learning or generative AI expertise.

Crucially, the most valued AI-enabled roles demand more than just technical wizardry. Employers prize a hybrid skillset: communication, leadership, problem-solving, research, and customer service are among the 10 most-requested skills in AI-focused postings, alongside technical foundations like machine learning and artificial intelligence.

“While generative AI excels at tasks like writing and coding, uniquely human abilities—such as communication, management, innovation, and complex problem-solving—are becoming even more valuable in the AI era,” the study says.

Winners and losers

The emerging repercussions are striking. Tech workers whose roles are readily automated face rising displacement—unless they can pivot quickly into emerging areas that meld business, technical, and people skills. Meanwhile, millions of workers outside of tech are poised to translate even basic AI literacy into new roles or wage gains. The competitive edge now lies with organizations and professionals agile enough to combine AI capabilities with human judgement, creativity, and business acumen.

For companies, the risk is clear: treating AI as an isolated technical specialty is now a liability. Winning firms are investing to embed AI fluency enterprise-wide, upskilling their marketing teams, HR departments, and finance analysts to build a future-ready workforce.

AI may be the source of turmoil in Silicon Valley boardrooms, but its economic dividends are flowing rapidly to workers—and companies—in every corner of the economy. For those able to adapt, AI skills are not a harbinger of job loss, but a passport to higher salaries and new career possibilities. Still, the research doesn’t indicate exactly where in the income levels the higher postings are coming, so Napper said it’s possible that we are seeing some compression, with higher-paid tech jobs being phased out and lower-paying positions being slightly better-paying.

Napper said the trend of AI skills cropping up in job postings has exploded over the past few years, and he doesn’t expect a slowdown anytime soon. Napper said there’s a “cost to complacency”—one that includes a significant salary cut. He added that the 28% premium, Lightcast plans to release follow-up research on what level of the income latter the trend is hitting the most.

*