
• 在法国,退休人士的实际收入现已超过适龄劳动人口;而在美国,同龄人却仍在艰难筹措维持退休后生活所需的资金。在法国,由于退休年龄相对较低、政府养老金支出高昂以及工资替代率较高,如今退休人群的收入已超过在职公民,而法国的政府官员正试图推动不受欢迎的改革。
在美国和英国,当婴儿潮一代因无力负担当前形势下的退休生活开支而被迫重返职场时,法国退休人士不仅安享晚年,其收入甚至超过了在职人群。
根据《金融时报》对卢森堡收入研究所(Luxembourg Income Study)最新数据的分析报告,法国65岁以上退休人士的收入现已超过该国适龄劳动人口的平均薪资水平。到2022年底,法国退休人士的月均收入约为1,626欧元(约合1,926美元),而目前他们的收入比在职人群高出约2%。
尽管比例不高,但这与其他多数国家退休人士的状况截然相反:美国退休人士的相对收入比在职人群低约六分之一,英国低约五分之一,而澳大利亚差距最大,低约三分之一。
但报告指出,这并非什么新奇的潮流。在1970年至2020年的50年间,法国18至64岁适龄劳动人口的收入中位数累计增长约100%,而退休人士的收入中位数增幅则超过160%。
当法国退休人士正享受劳动成果和令人羡慕的养老金制度时,全球其他地区的退休人士却不得不为了维持基本生计而延长工作年限。
为何法国退休人士能安享晚年,而其他国家退休人士却无力负担退休生活开支?
在法国,生活成本相对适中,再加上政府优先保障退休金福利,因此,退休人士获得的收入更充裕。根据欧洲与国际社会保障联络中心(Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security,Cleiss)的数据,法国养老金制度规定,退休人士最高可领取其年均收入50%的养老金。
退休人士的年均收入,指的是已缴纳社保供款对应的税前总收入,该收入是根据个人收入最高的 25 个年份计算得出的。但需要注意的是,退休人士必须至少工作满42年,才能领取法国的全额国家养老金。
此外,法国在养老金方面的支出持续增加。据《金融时报》分析,自2001年以来,法国在养老金及医疗护理方面的支出占GDP比重上升约2.9%。相比之下,同类国家的平均增幅仅略高于1.5%。
与此同时,其他国家的退休人士就没那么幸运了。截至2023年,法国公共养老金支出占GDP比重约为14%,而美国仅为7%。与美国人相比,法国退休人士投入的资金能获得的回报更多——美国养老金净替代率平均为50%,而法国则约为74%。美国职场人士在职业生涯结束时的实际所得明显偏低。
此外,美国人领取养老金的时间也更晚,他们要到66岁或67岁左右才能开始领取社会保障退休金,比法国退休人士晚了好几年。
美国人正“身陷噩梦”,七旬高龄仍被迫工作
由于担心储蓄不足以维持退休生活,加上养老金计划相对不理想,生活成本高企,美国人不得不延长工作年限。
根据投资银行D.A. Davidson今年4月的一项调查,超五分之二(约两千万)美国退休人士担心储蓄不足以支撑他们理想中的退休生活。而经济拮据也让许多人在工作数十年后仍不敢安享晚年,约60%的美国退休人士表示希望自己能有一份副业来补贴储蓄。
施罗德(Schroders)2025年美国退休调查显示,近20%退休人士正“艰难度日”或“身陷噩梦”,仅5%表示自己正过着“梦想中的生活”。
尽管法国退休人士比往往要工作到70多岁的美国人多享受数年退休时光,但这种状况可能不会持续太久。早在2023年,时任法国总理伊丽莎白·博尔内首次提出一项计划,即到2030年将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁。当法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙也提议将退休年龄进一步向其他西方国家靠拢时,立即遭到强烈反对。法国养老金支出规模已经变得如此之高,以至于这项开支在2024年已占到国防部预算的六分之一。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
• 在法国,退休人士的实际收入现已超过适龄劳动人口;而在美国,同龄人却仍在艰难筹措维持退休后生活所需的资金。在法国,由于退休年龄相对较低、政府养老金支出高昂以及工资替代率较高,如今退休人群的收入已超过在职公民,而法国的政府官员正试图推动不受欢迎的改革。
在美国和英国,当婴儿潮一代因无力负担当前形势下的退休生活开支而被迫重返职场时,法国退休人士不仅安享晚年,其收入甚至超过了在职人群。
根据《金融时报》对卢森堡收入研究所(Luxembourg Income Study)最新数据的分析报告,法国65岁以上退休人士的收入现已超过该国适龄劳动人口的平均薪资水平。到2022年底,法国退休人士的月均收入约为1,626欧元(约合1,926美元),而目前他们的收入比在职人群高出约2%。
尽管比例不高,但这与其他多数国家退休人士的状况截然相反:美国退休人士的相对收入比在职人群低约六分之一,英国低约五分之一,而澳大利亚差距最大,低约三分之一。
但报告指出,这并非什么新奇的潮流。在1970年至2020年的50年间,法国18至64岁适龄劳动人口的收入中位数累计增长约100%,而退休人士的收入中位数增幅则超过160%。
当法国退休人士正享受劳动成果和令人羡慕的养老金制度时,全球其他地区的退休人士却不得不为了维持基本生计而延长工作年限。
为何法国退休人士能安享晚年,而其他国家退休人士却无力负担退休生活开支?
在法国,生活成本相对适中,再加上政府优先保障退休金福利,因此,退休人士获得的收入更充裕。根据欧洲与国际社会保障联络中心(Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security,Cleiss)的数据,法国养老金制度规定,退休人士最高可领取其年均收入50%的养老金。
退休人士的年均收入,指的是已缴纳社保供款对应的税前总收入,该收入是根据个人收入最高的 25 个年份计算得出的。但需要注意的是,退休人士必须至少工作满42年,才能领取法国的全额国家养老金。
此外,法国在养老金方面的支出持续增加。据《金融时报》分析,自2001年以来,法国在养老金及医疗护理方面的支出占GDP比重上升约2.9%。相比之下,同类国家的平均增幅仅略高于1.5%。
与此同时,其他国家的退休人士就没那么幸运了。截至2023年,法国公共养老金支出占GDP比重约为14%,而美国仅为7%。与美国人相比,法国退休人士投入的资金能获得的回报更多——美国养老金净替代率平均为50%,而法国则约为74%。美国职场人士在职业生涯结束时的实际所得明显偏低。
此外,美国人领取养老金的时间也更晚,他们要到66岁或67岁左右才能开始领取社会保障退休金,比法国退休人士晚了好几年。
美国人正“身陷噩梦”,七旬高龄仍被迫工作
由于担心储蓄不足以维持退休生活,加上养老金计划相对不理想,生活成本高企,美国人不得不延长工作年限。
根据投资银行D.A. Davidson今年4月的一项调查,超五分之二(约两千万)美国退休人士担心储蓄不足以支撑他们理想中的退休生活。而经济拮据也让许多人在工作数十年后仍不敢安享晚年,约60%的美国退休人士表示希望自己能有一份副业来补贴储蓄。
施罗德(Schroders)2025年美国退休调查显示,近20%退休人士正“艰难度日”或“身陷噩梦”,仅5%表示自己正过着“梦想中的生活”。
尽管法国退休人士比往往要工作到70多岁的美国人多享受数年退休时光,但这种状况可能不会持续太久。早在2023年,时任法国总理伊丽莎白·博尔内首次提出一项计划,即到2030年将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁。当法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙也提议将退休年龄进一步向其他西方国家靠拢时,立即遭到强烈反对。法国养老金支出规模已经变得如此之高,以至于这项开支在2024年已占到国防部预算的六分之一。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
• French retirees officially bring in more income than their working-aged counterparts, as Americans are struggling to find the funds to retire and support their post-employment lifestyle. Due to France’s relatively young retirement age, lofty governmental spending on pensions, and high wage replacement rate, they’re now out-earning citizens with jobs as the country’s officials try and make unpopular changes.
While boomers in the U.S. and UK are being forced to go back to work because they can’t afford to retire in the current climate, pensioners in France are not just kicking up their feet—they’re even out-earning those with jobs.
French retirees over the age of 65 now make more money relative to the average salary of working-age adults in the country, according to a Financial Times analysis of a recent Luxembourg Income Study. The average pensioner earned about €1,626 gross per month ($1,926) at the end of 2022, and currently earn around 2% more than working adults.
Although it’s a marginal gain, it’s the total opposite of retirees in most other nations; American pensioners earn about a sixth less in relative income compared to employed adults, U.K. retirees bring in about a fifth less, and retired Australians face the largest disparity, with a third less in income.
However, the report notes that this is no new fad. In the five decades between 1970 and 2020, the cumulative increase in median income for working-aged French citizens between the ages of 18 and 64 rose by about 100%, while it increased by more than 160% for the nation’s retirees.
While French retirees are enjoying the fruits of their labor and an envy-inducing pension plan, retirees across the world are working longer to simply make ends meet.
Why French pensioners can afford to retire when other retirees can’t
Alongside more temperate living costs, French retirees enjoy more going back into their pockets because the government has prioritized retirement benefits. The country’s pension plan entitles them to reap a maximum of 50% of their annual average earnings, according to the Centre of European and International Liaisons for Social Security (Cleiss).
Pensioners’ average yearly income is the gross earnings on which contributions have been paid, which is calculated based on the person’s 25 top-earning years. However, it should be noted that retirees must work for at least 42 years to receive the country’s full state pension.
And the country has continued to spend more on its pensioners; France has increased its share of GDP spent on old-age benefits and health/care by about 2.9% since 2001, according to the FT analysis. By comparison, its peer average rested at just over 1.5%.
Meanwhile, retirees in other countries aren’t so lucky. As of 2023, France spends about 14% of its GDP on public pensions, while the U.S. spends about 7% comparatively. French retirees also get more bang for their buck compared to Americans—in the U.S., the average net pension replacement rate is 50%, while in France the replacement rate is about 74%. U.S. professionals at the end of their working lives simply earn less back.
Plus, it takes longer to get the cash; Americans can’t access their Social Security retirement benefits until around 66 or 67, years later than their French counterparts.
Americans are ‘living the nightmare’ and working well into their 70s
The U.S.’s relatively undesirable pension plans and sky-high living costs have forced Americans to work longer out of fear of running out of their savings.
Over two in five retired Americans, representing about 20 million people, worry that their funds won’t be able to support their ideal retirement lifestyle according to an April survey from investment banking firm D.A. Davidson. And their lack of money has guilted many about kicking back after decades of employment, as around 60% of retired Americans wish they had a side gig to supplement their savings.
Nearly 20% of retirees are “struggling” or “living the nightmare,” while only 5% said they were “living the dream,” according to Schroders’ 2025 US Retirement Survey.
While France’s retirees enjoy extra years of post-professional downtime compared to Americans working into their 70s, it may not be for much longer. In 2023 former Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne first revealed a plan to raise the nation’s retirement age from 62 to 64 by 2030. When the President of France, Emmanuel Macron, also proposed edging up the retirement age towards the norms of other Western countries, he was met with swift resistance. Funding the lives of pensioners has grown so great that these costs accounted for a sixth of the ministry of defense’s budget in 2024.