
著名经济学家穆罕默德·埃尔-埃利安对不断演变的全球经济发出了严厉警告。他表示,尽管基础体系依然完好,但投资者应做好准备,应对人工智能领域可能出现的重大个体损失,并预期会有大量“信贷意外”发生。
在雅虎财经投资峰会上发言时,埃尔-埃利安将当前环境描述为“蟑螂”横行但“白蚁”绝迹的状态。这种区分至关重要:蟑螂是令人不快的意外事件,它们“成群结队”出现,但不会“啃食系统的完整性”。反之,白蚁则会侵蚀根基。
尽管系统性冲击的可能性不大,但这位剑桥大学王后学院院长、安联集团首席经济顾问表示,他预计会出现经济和信贷意外,因为市场参与者为了寻求额外回报已经“伸展得太远”。他补充说,宽松的金融条件和强劲的经济助长了这种行为,一些投资者似乎已经“超出了他们的舒适区,也超出了他们进行尽职调查的能力”。
理性的AI泡沫
埃尔-埃利安告诉雅虎,他曾与诺贝尔奖得主迈克·斯宾塞合作评估了AI热潮,并得出结论认为市场正在经历一场“理性泡沫”。虽然创造的总价值巨大,使得投资者采取风投方式和“过度投资”因潜在巨额回报而显得合理,但存在更阴暗的一面:“将会有人流泪”并蒙受损失。
他表示,这次泡沫的某些元素反映了过去的投机时期,例如互联网泡沫时代,当时企业给自身业务贴上标签——现在是“AI”——以吸引资金。基础模型公司正在吸引大量投资,然而“并非所有公司都会成功”,这一事实进一步助长了泡沫元素。
埃尔-埃利安的一个关键担忧是对扩散(即将AI以全面有序的方式引入工作场所的过程)关注不足。与中国和阿联酋等国不同,美国目前缺乏全面的扩散政策。他补充说,如果扩散处理不当,AI的全部潜力将无法实现。
关于企业应用,埃尔-埃利南指出他对主流企业思维模式的担忧,即目前主要将AI视为“成本削减器”。他认为,AI的真正潜力在于劳动力增强和作为“生产力赋能者”。如果美国能正确处理好扩散问题,由此带来的显著生产率提升可能使货币政策比原本可能的更为宽松。
K型经济的压力
除了金融意外事件,埃尔-埃利安还指出了两个可能构成压力的主要问题:需要以更高利率为大量债务进行再融资,以及收入分配底层所承受的巨大压力。
这一关注点凸显了对K型经济底层的担忧。他表示,低收入消费者“近乎陷入衰退”,正在努力应对负担能力问题——这是一个社会和政治问题,而不仅仅是经济问题——以及高额债务,包括刷爆的信用卡。此外,未来收入的不安全感(部分原因是Challenger, Gray & Christmas报告显示的裁员激增以及AI带来的迫在眉睫的工作场所变革)加剧了他们的困境。
埃尔-埃利安警告说,这种压力并非孤立存在:低收入家庭可能因无力承担而被迫停止消费,这“将向上蔓延,影响整个经济”。虽然上层阶级在收入和财富指标上普遍表现良好,但他们并不能免受低收入家庭所面临困难的影响。
埃尔-埃利安敦促政策制定者认识到,未来将由“分布的两端决定,而非中间部分”。在当今这个结构性变化、碎片化的世界里,领导者必须意识到他们是在一个多模态的世界中运作,不应被正态钟形分布的假设所欺骗。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
著名经济学家穆罕默德·埃尔-埃利安对不断演变的全球经济发出了严厉警告。他表示,尽管基础体系依然完好,但投资者应做好准备,应对人工智能领域可能出现的重大个体损失,并预期会有大量“信贷意外”发生。
在雅虎财经投资峰会上发言时,埃尔-埃利安将当前环境描述为“蟑螂”横行但“白蚁”绝迹的状态。这种区分至关重要:蟑螂是令人不快的意外事件,它们“成群结队”出现,但不会“啃食系统的完整性”。反之,白蚁则会侵蚀根基。
尽管系统性冲击的可能性不大,但这位剑桥大学王后学院院长、安联集团首席经济顾问表示,他预计会出现经济和信贷意外,因为市场参与者为了寻求额外回报已经“伸展得太远”。他补充说,宽松的金融条件和强劲的经济助长了这种行为,一些投资者似乎已经“超出了他们的舒适区,也超出了他们进行尽职调查的能力”。
理性的AI泡沫
埃尔-埃利安告诉雅虎,他曾与诺贝尔奖得主迈克·斯宾塞合作评估了AI热潮,并得出结论认为市场正在经历一场“理性泡沫”。虽然创造的总价值巨大,使得投资者采取风投方式和“过度投资”因潜在巨额回报而显得合理,但存在更阴暗的一面:“将会有人流泪”并蒙受损失。
他表示,这次泡沫的某些元素反映了过去的投机时期,例如互联网泡沫时代,当时企业给自身业务贴上标签——现在是“AI”——以吸引资金。基础模型公司正在吸引大量投资,然而“并非所有公司都会成功”,这一事实进一步助长了泡沫元素。
埃尔-埃利安的一个关键担忧是对扩散(即将AI以全面有序的方式引入工作场所的过程)关注不足。与中国和阿联酋等国不同,美国目前缺乏全面的扩散政策。他补充说,如果扩散处理不当,AI的全部潜力将无法实现。
关于企业应用,埃尔-埃利南指出他对主流企业思维模式的担忧,即目前主要将AI视为“成本削减器”。他认为,AI的真正潜力在于劳动力增强和作为“生产力赋能者”。如果美国能正确处理好扩散问题,由此带来的显著生产率提升可能使货币政策比原本可能的更为宽松。
K型经济的压力
除了金融意外事件,埃尔-埃利安还指出了两个可能构成压力的主要问题:需要以更高利率为大量债务进行再融资,以及收入分配底层所承受的巨大压力。
这一关注点凸显了对K型经济底层的担忧。他表示,低收入消费者“近乎陷入衰退”,正在努力应对负担能力问题——这是一个社会和政治问题,而不仅仅是经济问题——以及高额债务,包括刷爆的信用卡。此外,未来收入的不安全感(部分原因是Challenger, Gray & Christmas报告显示的裁员激增以及AI带来的迫在眉睫的工作场所变革)加剧了他们的困境。
埃尔-埃利安警告说,这种压力并非孤立存在:低收入家庭可能因无力承担而被迫停止消费,这“将向上蔓延,影响整个经济”。虽然上层阶级在收入和财富指标上普遍表现良好,但他们并不能免受低收入家庭所面临困难的影响。
埃尔-埃利安敦促政策制定者认识到,未来将由“分布的两端决定,而非中间部分”。在当今这个结构性变化、碎片化的世界里,领导者必须意识到他们是在一个多模态的世界中运作,不应被正态钟形分布的假设所欺骗。(*)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
Famed economist Mohamed El-Erian delivered a stark warning about the evolving global economy, stating that while the underlying system remains intact, investors should brace for significant individual losses within the Artificial Intelligence (AI) sector and expect numerous “credit accidents”.
Speaking at Yahoo! Finance Invest, El-Erian framed the current environment as one in which “cockroaches” abound but “termites” do not. This differentiation is fundamental: cockroaches are unpleasant accidents that “come in groups” but do not “eat away at the integrity of the system.” Termites, conversely, erode the foundation.
While systemic shock is unlikely, the President of Queens' College, Cambridge University, and Chief Economic Advisor at Allianz said he expects economic and credit accidents because market participants have “stretched really far for additional returns.” This has been encouraged by loose financial conditions and a strong economy, he added, and some investors seem to have gone “beyond their comfort zone and beyond their ability to do due diligence.”
The rational AI bubble
El-Erian told Yahoo that he had, in collaboration with Nobel Laureate Mike Spence, assessed the AI boom and concluded that the market is experiencing a “rational bubble.” While the aggregate value being created is significant, making it rational for investors to take a venture capital approach and “overinvest” due to the large payoff, there is a darker side: “there will be tears” and losses.
He said elements of this bubble mirror past speculative periods, such as the dot-com era, where companies applied a label---now “AI”---to their operations to attract capital. Further contributing to the bubble elements is the fact that foundational model companies are attracting significant investment, yet “not all of them are going to succeed.”
A key concern for El-Erian is the inadequate focus on diffusion---the process of getting AI into the workplace in a comprehensive and orderly manner. The U.S. currently lacks a comprehensive diffusion policy, unlike countries such as China and the UAE. If diffusion is not handled correctly, he added, the full promise of AI won't be realized.
Regarding corporate adoption, El-Erian noted his concern about the prevailing corporate mindset, which currently views AI primarily as a “cost minimizer.” The true potential of AI, he argued, lies in labor enhancement and serving as a “productivity enabler.” If the U.S. gets diffusion right, the resulting significant productivity increase could allow monetary policy to be looser than it would otherwise have been.
Pressure on the K-Shaped Economy
Beyond the financial accidents, El-Erian cited two major issues that could pose pressure: the need to refinance a large amount of debt at higher interest rates and the significant pressure on the lower end of the income distribution.
This focus highlights concerns about the bottom of the K-shaped economy. He said lower-income consumers are “near recession,” grappling with affordability concerns---an issue that is social and political, not just economic---and high debt, including maxed-out credit cards. Furthermore, insecurity about future income, driven in part by surging layoffs reported Challenger, Gray & Christmas and the impending workplace changes brought by AI, compounds their distress.
El-Erian cautioned that this pressure is not isolated: lower household incomes may be forced to stop spending because they are unable to, and this “will contaminate upwards for the economy as a whole.” While the upper class is generally doing well on both income and wealth measures, they are not immune to the difficulties faced by low-income households.
El-Erian urged policymakers to recognize that the future will be determined by the “tails of distribution, not in the belly.” In today's structurally changing, fragmented world, leaders must realize they are operating in a multimodal world and should not be deceived by the assumption of a normal, bell-shaped distribution.
