
亚洲股市下跌,欧洲股市持平,但美国股市投资者却无视这些不利因素,重燃对美联储将于12月降息的希望,期待新一轮低成本资金为资产市场注入活力。各大股指再度上涨。
上周,华尔街似乎已认定12月降息无望。本周三,芝商所FedWatch期货指数显示,美联储12月降息的概率仅为30%。摩根大通(JPMorgan)发布报告预测,降息将推迟至明年1月。市场随之出现大幅抛售。标普500指数上周累计下跌2%。对人工智能泡沫的担忧也加剧了市场动荡。
如今,投机者预计美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)在12月宣布降息的概率已升至75.5%。
究竟发生了什么变化?
上周五,纽约联储主席(兼联邦公开市场委员会副主席)约翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)发表讲话,几乎明确呼吁在下月降息:
“我的评估是,随着劳动力市场降温,就业面临的下行风险已经增加,而通胀的上行风险则有所减弱,”他表示。“因此,我仍然认为在近期内存在进一步调整联邦基金利率目标区间的空间,以使政策立场更接近中性区间。”
美联储有两大核心使命:支持就业与控制通胀。直到上周五,这两大目标似乎仍处于近乎完美的平衡状态,暗示美联储可能在12月维持利率不变。
但现在情况已变。
美国政府停摆导致就业数据更难获取,但多数分析师认为劳动力市场正持续走弱。大和资本市场(Daiwa Capital Markets)的劳伦斯·韦瑟(Lawrence Werther)与布伦丹·斯图尔特(Brendan Stuart)绘制的图表说明了一切:失业率呈上升趋势,而新增就业岗位数量则持续下降。

高盛(Goldman Sachs)的简·哈祖斯(Jan Hatzius)在今晨的一份报告中抓住了这一问题。他告诉客户:“尽管严重延迟,但9月份的就业报告可能已为12月9日至10日的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议敲定了25个基点的降息幅度。”“[威廉姆斯]的观点很可能与鲍威尔主席一致——后者几乎可以肯定在9月的点阵图中写下了三次降息——并且与12位具有投票权的FOMC成员中的多数意见一致,尽管未必是全部19位FOMC与会者中的多数。”
潘西恩宏观经济(Pantheon Macroeconomics)的分析师塞缪尔·汤姆布斯(Samuel Tombs)和奥利弗·艾伦(Oliver Allen)的表述更为肯定。他们认为威廉姆斯的言论已为降息一锤定音。他们今晨对客户表示:“威廉姆斯先生的言论比其他FOMC成员更有分量,因为无论自2018年担任纽约联储主席以来,还是在2011年至2018年担任旧金山联储主席期间,他总是与多数派投票一致,从未与主席持反对意见。我们怀疑,如果未经与(包括鲍威尔主席在内的)美联储理事会成员磋商,威廉姆斯先生不会暗示12月可能放松政策。”(*)
译者:中慧言-王芳
亚洲股市下跌,欧洲股市持平,但美国股市投资者却无视这些不利因素,重燃对美联储将于12月降息的希望,期待新一轮低成本资金为资产市场注入活力。各大股指再度上涨。
上周,华尔街似乎已认定12月降息无望。本周三,芝商所FedWatch期货指数显示,美联储12月降息的概率仅为30%。摩根大通(JPMorgan)发布报告预测,降息将推迟至明年1月。市场随之出现大幅抛售。标普500指数上周累计下跌2%。对人工智能泡沫的担忧也加剧了市场动荡。
如今,投机者预计美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)在12月宣布降息的概率已升至75.5%。
究竟发生了什么变化?
上周五,纽约联储主席(兼联邦公开市场委员会副主席)约翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)发表讲话,几乎明确呼吁在下月降息:
“我的评估是,随着劳动力市场降温,就业面临的下行风险已经增加,而通胀的上行风险则有所减弱,”他表示。“因此,我仍然认为在近期内存在进一步调整联邦基金利率目标区间的空间,以使政策立场更接近中性区间。”
美联储有两大核心使命:支持就业与控制通胀。直到上周五,这两大目标似乎仍处于近乎完美的平衡状态,暗示美联储可能在12月维持利率不变。
但现在情况已变。
美国政府停摆导致就业数据更难获取,但多数分析师认为劳动力市场正持续走弱。大和资本市场(Daiwa Capital Markets)的劳伦斯·韦瑟(Lawrence Werther)与布伦丹·斯图尔特(Brendan Stuart)绘制的图表说明了一切:失业率呈上升趋势,而新增就业岗位数量则持续下降。
高盛(Goldman Sachs)的简·哈祖斯(Jan Hatzius)在今晨的一份报告中抓住了这一问题。他告诉客户:“尽管严重延迟,但9月份的就业报告可能已为12月9日至10日的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议敲定了25个基点的降息幅度。”“[威廉姆斯]的观点很可能与鲍威尔主席一致——后者几乎可以肯定在9月的点阵图中写下了三次降息——并且与12位具有投票权的FOMC成员中的多数意见一致,尽管未必是全部19位FOMC与会者中的多数。”
潘西恩宏观经济(Pantheon Macroeconomics)的分析师塞缪尔·汤姆布斯(Samuel Tombs)和奥利弗·艾伦(Oliver Allen)的表述更为肯定。他们认为威廉姆斯的言论已为降息一锤定音。他们今晨对客户表示:“威廉姆斯先生的言论比其他FOMC成员更有分量,因为无论自2018年担任纽约联储主席以来,还是在2011年至2018年担任旧金山联储主席期间,他总是与多数派投票一致,从未与主席持反对意见。我们怀疑,如果未经与(包括鲍威尔主席在内的)美联储理事会成员磋商,威廉姆斯先生不会暗示12月可能放松政策。”(*)
译者:中慧言-王芳
Asian stocks were down this morning and Europe was flat, but investors in U.S. equities were ignoring all that in renewed hopes that the U.S. Federal Reserve will cut interest rates in December, thus fueling asset markets with a new round of cheaper money. Nasdaq 100 futures were up 0.46% this morning, premarket. S&P 500 futures were up 0.25%, after the index closed up 0.98% on Friday.
Last week, Wall Street seemed to have decided that a December cut was off the table. On Wednesday, the CME Fedwatch futures index placed the probability of a cut at just 30%. JPMorgan published a note predicting a cut in January instead. Markets sold off dramatically. The S&P 500 lost 2% last week. Fears of a bubble in AI didn't help, either.
Today speculators put the probability of Fed Chairman Jerome Powell delivering a rate cut at 75.5%.
What changed?
On Friday, New York Fed president (and FOMC vice chair) John Williams gave a speech in which he all but called for a cut next month:
“My assessment is that the downside risks to employment have increased as the labor market has cooled, while the upside risks to inflation have lessened somewhat,” he said. “Therefore, I still see room for a further adjustment in the near term to the target range for the federal funds rate to move the stance of policy closer to the range of neutral.”
The Fed has two main mandates: supporting employment and controlling inflation. Until Friday, it looked as if the two were almost perfectly balanced against each other, suggesting that the Fed would keep rates on hold in December.
Not anymore.
The U.S. government shutdown made employment data harder to come by, but most analysts think the labor market is getting weaker. These charts from Daiwa Capital Markets' Lawrence Werther and Brendan Stuart say it all. Unemployment is trending up and job creation is trending down:
Goldman Sachs' Jan Hatzius seized on the issue in a note this morning. “Though badly delayed, the September jobs report may have sealed a 25bp cut at the December 9-10 FOMC meeting,” he told clients. “Williams′Williams′ view is likely consistent with that of Chair Powell---who almost certainly wrote down three cuts in the September dot plot---and a majority of the 12 voting FOMC members, though not necessarily a majority of all 19 FOMC participants.”
Pantheon Macroeconomics analysts Samuel Tombs and Oliver Allen were even more emphatic. They believe Williams has sealed the deal for a cut: “Mr. Williams' words carry more weight than other FOMC members, as he has always voted with the majority and has never taken an opposing view to the Chair, either during his role as the NY Fed President since 2018 or when he was the President of the San Fran Fed between 2011 and 2018. We doubt Mr. Williams would have implied a December easing was likely without consulting members of the Board of Governors, including Chair Powell,” they told clients this morning.
