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华尔街大空头:AI泡沫破灭将先从英伟达开始

财富中文网 2025-11-27 01:32:13

华尔街大空头:AI泡沫破灭将先从英伟达开始
图片来源:Astrid Stawiarz—Getty Images

迈克尔·伯里再次强调了他对AI泡沫的担忧,他将当下的一家核心科技公司与上世纪90年代末互联网泡沫破裂时期的思科(Cisco)进行了类比。

在上周日(11月23日)于Substack发表的首篇题为《泡沫的核心特征:供给侧的贪婪》的文章中,伯里将当前的AI热潮称为一场“辉煌的荒唐之举”,并点名英伟达,认为该公司是其预判行业泡沫破裂的先兆。伯里因精准预测2008年房地产市场崩盘而闻名,其事迹被改编成2015年电影《大空头》。

“荒唐之举也能赚钱。创造性破坏与狂热的荒唐之举,恰恰是美国成为全球创新中心的原因,”伯里写道。“企业被允许不断创新直至自我毁灭,而更多的新公司会不断涌现、重蹈覆辙。有时,所谓的新公司,不过是原有公司转型而来。”

伯里指出,在互联网泡沫时期,科技行业由“高盈利的大盘股”主导,其中最具代表性的当属所谓的“四骑士”——微软、英特尔、戴尔和思科。同样,他认为当前的AI热潮中也有五家公开上市的“骑士”:微软、谷歌、Meta、亚马逊和甲骨文。

值得注意的是,伯里特别指出思科是互联网泡沫破裂时期处于风口浪尖的公司。这家科技公司的股价在1995年至2000年间飙升了3,800%,市值一度达到约5600亿美元,成为全球最具价值的公司。但在世纪之交,其股价崩盘,暴跌逾80%。

伯里认为,历史正在当前的AI热潮中重演。他写道:“如今,这场热潮的中心同样有一家'思科',它为所有人提供'铲子和镐'(基础工具),并怀有宏大的愿景。这家公司就是英伟达。”

伯里近期在X平台上发布一系列帖子,对AI公司(尤其是英伟达)不断膨胀的估值表示怀疑。他批评了英伟达芯片的实际使用寿命以及该芯片制造商维持产品需求的能力。根据监管文件,本月早些时候,伯里的对冲基金赛昂资产管理公司(Scion Asset Management)购入了超过10亿美元针对英伟达和Palantir的看跌期权——这是一种允许投资者在未来以特定价格卖出资产从而获利的合约。此后数周,伯里悄然注销了赛昂基金,实质上退出了代客理财业务。

审视英伟达

与25年前思科创纪录的市值类似,英伟达如今已成为全球市值最高的公司,市值约5万亿美元。该公司不断膨胀的估值也引起了摩根士丹利财富管理首席投资官丽莎·莎莱特(Lisa Shalett)的担忧,她在9月告诉《财富》杂志,她担心未来24个月内该行业可能迎来“思科时刻”。

她表示,围绕英伟达的科技公司“开始相互交织”,企业间形成了一个循环融资圈。例如,英伟达在9月承诺向OpenAI投资1亿美元,并于上周宣布将向Anthropic投资100亿美元。作为回报,Anthropic将投资300亿美元,在由英伟达提供算力的微软Azure云平台上扩展其Claude AI模型。这些持续的投资实际上已造就一个庞大的AI企业联合体,同样的数十亿美元资金在这些企业间来回流转。

英伟达方面则对外界的质疑进行了反击。该公司上周公布了又一个亮眼的季度业绩,营收激增62%。首席财务官科莱特·克雷斯(Colette Kress)在财报会议上反驳了伯里关于英伟达芯片使用寿命的说法,她表示,得益于CUDA软件系统,英伟达的硬件寿命长且能效高。

首席执行官黄仁勋(Jensen Huang)在接受福克斯商业频道《克拉曼倒计时》节目采访时,驳斥了关于泡沫和循环融资的担忧。他表示,公司尚未实际拨付任何资金,并且计划投资的金额仅占其收入的“极小部分”。

“我们实现了六七十年来的首次计算技术彻底革新,”黄仁勋表示。“因此,遍布全球的所有已安装计算机都在向加速计算、视频GPU和人工智能方向升级。所以,这一建设周期将持续很多年。”(*)

英伟达未立即回应《财富》杂志的置评请求。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

迈克尔·伯里再次强调了他对AI泡沫的担忧,他将当下的一家核心科技公司与上世纪90年代末互联网泡沫破裂时期的思科(Cisco)进行了类比。

在上周日(11月23日)于Substack发表的首篇题为《泡沫的核心特征:供给侧的贪婪》的文章中,伯里将当前的AI热潮称为一场“辉煌的荒唐之举”,并点名英伟达,认为该公司是其预判行业泡沫破裂的先兆。伯里因精准预测2008年房地产市场崩盘而闻名,其事迹被改编成2015年电影《大空头》。

“荒唐之举也能赚钱。创造性破坏与狂热的荒唐之举,恰恰是美国成为全球创新中心的原因,”伯里写道。“企业被允许不断创新直至自我毁灭,而更多的新公司会不断涌现、重蹈覆辙。有时,所谓的新公司,不过是原有公司转型而来。”

伯里指出,在互联网泡沫时期,科技行业由“高盈利的大盘股”主导,其中最具代表性的当属所谓的“四骑士”——微软、英特尔、戴尔和思科。同样,他认为当前的AI热潮中也有五家公开上市的“骑士”:微软、谷歌、Meta、亚马逊和甲骨文。

值得注意的是,伯里特别指出思科是互联网泡沫破裂时期处于风口浪尖的公司。这家科技公司的股价在1995年至2000年间飙升了3,800%,市值一度达到约5600亿美元,成为全球最具价值的公司。但在世纪之交,其股价崩盘,暴跌逾80%。

伯里认为,历史正在当前的AI热潮中重演。他写道:“如今,这场热潮的中心同样有一家'思科',它为所有人提供'铲子和镐'(基础工具),并怀有宏大的愿景。这家公司就是英伟达。”

伯里近期在X平台上发布一系列帖子,对AI公司(尤其是英伟达)不断膨胀的估值表示怀疑。他批评了英伟达芯片的实际使用寿命以及该芯片制造商维持产品需求的能力。根据监管文件,本月早些时候,伯里的对冲基金赛昂资产管理公司(Scion Asset Management)购入了超过10亿美元针对英伟达和Palantir的看跌期权——这是一种允许投资者在未来以特定价格卖出资产从而获利的合约。此后数周,伯里悄然注销了赛昂基金,实质上退出了代客理财业务。

审视英伟达

与25年前思科创纪录的市值类似,英伟达如今已成为全球市值最高的公司,市值约5万亿美元。该公司不断膨胀的估值也引起了摩根士丹利财富管理首席投资官丽莎·莎莱特(Lisa Shalett)的担忧,她在9月告诉《财富》杂志,她担心未来24个月内该行业可能迎来“思科时刻”。

她表示,围绕英伟达的科技公司“开始相互交织”,企业间形成了一个循环融资圈。例如,英伟达在9月承诺向OpenAI投资1亿美元,并于上周宣布将向Anthropic投资100亿美元。作为回报,Anthropic将投资300亿美元,在由英伟达提供算力的微软Azure云平台上扩展其Claude AI模型。这些持续的投资实际上已造就一个庞大的AI企业联合体,同样的数十亿美元资金在这些企业间来回流转。

英伟达方面则对外界的质疑进行了反击。该公司上周公布了又一个亮眼的季度业绩,营收激增62%。首席财务官科莱特·克雷斯(Colette Kress)在财报会议上反驳了伯里关于英伟达芯片使用寿命的说法,她表示,得益于CUDA软件系统,英伟达的硬件寿命长且能效高。

首席执行官黄仁勋(Jensen Huang)在接受福克斯商业频道《克拉曼倒计时》节目采访时,驳斥了关于泡沫和循环融资的担忧。他表示,公司尚未实际拨付任何资金,并且计划投资的金额仅占其收入的“极小部分”。

“我们实现了六七十年来的首次计算技术彻底革新,”黄仁勋表示。“因此,遍布全球的所有已安装计算机都在向加速计算、视频GPU和人工智能方向升级。所以,这一建设周期将持续很多年。”(*)

英伟达未立即回应《财富》杂志的置评请求。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Michael Burry has doubled down on his concerns of an AI bubble, drawing similarities between Cisco during the late-'90s dotcom crash and one key tech company today.

In his first Substack post, “The Cardinal Sign of a Bubble: Supply-Side Gluttony,” published on Sunday, Burry, made famous for his prescience on the 2008 housing market collapse as portrayed in the 2015 film The Big Short, called the AI boom a “glorious folly,” singling out Nvidia as a harbinger for when he expects the industry's bubble to burst.

“Folly makes money. Creative destruction and manic folly are exactly why the U.S. is the center of innovation in the world,” Burry said. “Companies are allowed to innovate themselves to death. And ever more spring up to do the same. Sometimes the new company is the same company on a pivot.”

During the dotcom boom, Burry said, the tech industry was defined by “highly profitable large-caps, among which were the so-called Four Horsemen of the era---Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and Cisco.” Similarly, there are five publicly traded horsemen of the current AI boom, according to Burry: Microsoft, Google, Meta, Amazon, and Oracle.

Notably, Burry singled out Cisco as the company at the forefront of the dotcom bubble burst. The tech company's stock surged 3,800% between 1995 and 2000, becoming the most valuable company in the world with a market capitalization of about $560 billion. The tech firm's stock collapsed at the turn of the millennium, plummeting more than 80%.

Today, Burry argued, history is repeating itself with the AI boom: “And once again there is a Cisco at the center of it all, with the picks and shovels for all and the expansive vision to go with it,” Burry said. “Its name is Nvidia.”

Burry has published a flurry of X posts casting doubt on the ballooning valuations of AI companies, in particular Nvidia, which he has criticized over the actual longevity of its chips, as well as the chipmakers' ability to sustain demand for its products. Earlier this month, Burry's hedge fund, Scion Asset Management, bought more than $1 billion in put options---a contract that allows you to profit from an asset sold at a later date---on Nvidia and Palantir, according to regulatory filings. That's before the investor quietly deregistered Scion just weeks later, effectively resigning from managing others' money.

Scrutiny of Nvidia

Similar to Cisco's record-breaking market cap 25 years ago, Nvidia has established itself as the world's most valuable company today, worth roughly $5 trillion. The company's swelling value has also concerned Lisa Shalett, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management's chief investment officer, who told Fortune in September she's worried about the industry's “Cisco moment” in the next 24 months.

She said the tech companies surrounding Nvidia are “starting to become interwoven,” with firms creating a circular financing loop. For example, Nvidia pledged to invest $100 million in OpenAI in September, and announced last week it will invest $10 billion into Anthropic. In return, Anthropic will invest $30 billion to scale its Claude AI model on Microsoft's Nvidia-powered Azure cloud platform. The continuous investments have, in effect, created one giant blob of AI companies passing the same billions of dollars back and forth.

Nvidia, for its part, has pushed back against its skeptics. It reported another quarter of blockbuster earnings last week, including a 62% surge in revenue. Chief financial officer Colette Kress rebutted Burry's claim about the life of Nvidia's chips, saying in the earnings presentation that the company's hardware is long-lasting and efficient because of its CUDA software system.

CEO Jensen Huang dismissed concerns of a bubble and circular funding in an interview on Fox Business's The Claman Countdown, saying the company has not doled out any money yet, and that the investments it plans to make are a “tiny percentage” of its revenues.

“We reinvented computing for the first time in 60, 70 years,” Huang said. “And so all of the computers that have been installed around the world [are] being modernized to accelerated computing and video GPUs and to artificial intelligence. And so this build-out is going to last us many years to come.”

Nvidia did not immediately respond to Fortune's request for comment.

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