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一种新的饮食方式:如何修复让人类变得脆弱且破坏环境的食品系统

财富中文网 2025-07-16 22:32:55

从食品包装,到食品杂货店货架上商品的摆放,再到购物时播放的背景音乐,我们生产和消费食物的方式无一不是精心设计的系统的产物。

一旦我们透过设计视角来看待食品系统,就会发现它正迎来创新的良机。全球消耗热量的60%仅来源于小麦、水稻、玉米和土豆四种作物,这种惊人的单一性使我们的食品系统极易受到疫情和极端天气等危机的冲击。我们已经目睹,由于食品供应链环节的脆弱与不稳定,商店货架被迅速抢购一空,主食价格也会飙升。

但是,如果食品杂货店内供应的是真正可持续的食品,旨在恢复自然并建立更具韧性的食品系统呢?这些产品包括:由多种古老谷物制成的意大利面、包装零食的植物基替代品、用剩余面包酿造的啤酒,以及来自采摘仙人掌等植物的果汁。这些食物资源消耗更少、抗冲击能力更强,并且同样美味。如果消费者能像现在一样,根据口味、偏好和价格做出选择,同时确信自己的选择能产生积极且可持续的影响,又会怎样?

在过去两年里,通过全球性的“重塑大食品挑战赛”(Big Food Redesign Challenge),我们与来自三大洲的100多家食品制造商合作,从小型初创企业到大型行业巨头,共同创造或改造产品,使其实现从种子到货架的可持续性。这些创新产品表明,通过跨越部门和行业的合作,以及愿意进行早期前沿投资的慈善力量,食品可以通过可持续的方式生产。这种方式既能惠及人类和地球,又能为企业带来经济效益。

可持续发展的概念对消费者和企业来说并不陌生,也确实广受认可。在美国消费者每年在食品上花费的2.6万亿美元中,约有20%用于购买可持续产品。然而,我们不能只专注于提升单一环节的可持续性(比如无塑料包装),更需要考量整个食品系统对环境的影响——从使用的原料成分,到它们的种植与采购方式,再到运输、加工过程,以及包装材料。如果没有系统性的方法,食品行业将继续成为全球碳排放的重要贡献者。目前该行业的全球排放量占比已高达三分之一。

施密特家族基金会(Schmidt Family Foundation)和艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会(Ellen MacArthur Foundation)此前已与企业合作,将循环理念引入从饮料容器到时尚产品等消费品领域。每一次努力都需要从整个系统出发进行思考,并考虑如何改进。为了将可持续性引入食品从生产到消费的每个环节,参与挑战赛的企业优先选择了多样化、环境影响低和升级再造的原料成分。

使用来源广泛的动植物物种使原料多样化,有利于土壤健康,增强食品供应的韧性,并减少食品企业对单一原料的依赖。例如,一家生产耐储存冰沙粉的公司,寻找有机农场并与之合作,使用鲜为人知的印度苹果蕉(比同类原料抗病性更强)。谷物提供了原料多样化的良机:一家公司的预制肉饭使用了西非富尼奥米(fonio),这种耐旱、无麸质的主食碳足迹比大米低近80%,水足迹更是低99%。

像富尼奥米这类低环境影响原料,对自然的负面影响更小,甚至有助于自然“再生”。这些成分可以减少温室气体排放、生物多样性丧失和森林砍伐现象,并保护我们赖以获取食物的自然系统本身的长期韧性。挑战赛中出现的肉类产品有时会添加未被充分利用的海藻或其他植物性产品进行改良,从而降低肉类的碳足迹。对于其他产品,制造商与农民密切合作,以确保这些产品具有再生性。

最后,升级再造的原料来源于原本会被浪费或丢弃的食物,这减轻了土地压力,并最大限度地提高了用于种植食物的投入产出比。挑战赛中诞生的产品包括回收并再利用各种剩余物制成的商品,从燕麦收获的残留物到香蕉皮。原本要被丢弃的面包最终被用来酿成了美味的啤酒;无法进入市场的皱皮豌豆则被干燥后与全麦粉一起研磨,制成了意大利面。

虽然循环产品很重要,但我们需要将循环理念融入整个食品系统。杜绝了浪费,就能提高生产力,增加选择的多样性。健康的食品选择、来源和市场也随之扩大。农民有了新的赚钱途径:也许最重要的是,当你重视大自然时,土壤的长期健康将得以提升,肥力和产量也随之提高(这也带来更高的利润)。植物、动物和人类都将受益于一种新型的再生效率。它着眼未来,并以传统工业化食品系统所不具备的方式保护地球资源。

系统性转型需要我们所有人的共同参与。我们需要企业、政策制定者和金融界展现出来果敢的领导力。包括立法和监管在内的政策手段,可以为食品企业投资于系统转型提供必要的经济激励。少量针对性资本投入就能加速创新和产品开发。战略性慈善可以将伟大的想法从试点推向规模化。最终,制造商、零售商和消费者都需要接受并要求更好的选择。

我们拥有打造丰饶且具有韧性的食品系统所需的资源。我们必须善加利用。(*)

在结束职业帆船运动生涯之后,戴姆·艾伦·麦克阿瑟于2010年成立了同名全球NGO组织,希望加快向循环经济转型。温蒂·施密特是一位慈善家和投资人。自2013年以来,这两位慈善家合作发起循环经济倡议。

Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

从食品包装,到食品杂货店货架上商品的摆放,再到购物时播放的背景音乐,我们生产和消费食物的方式无一不是精心设计的系统的产物。

一旦我们透过设计视角来看待食品系统,就会发现它正迎来创新的良机。全球消耗热量的60%仅来源于小麦、水稻、玉米和土豆四种作物,这种惊人的单一性使我们的食品系统极易受到疫情和极端天气等危机的冲击。我们已经目睹,由于食品供应链环节的脆弱与不稳定,商店货架被迅速抢购一空,主食价格也会飙升。

但是,如果食品杂货店内供应的是真正可持续的食品,旨在恢复自然并建立更具韧性的食品系统呢?这些产品包括:由多种古老谷物制成的意大利面、包装零食的植物基替代品、用剩余面包酿造的啤酒,以及来自采摘仙人掌等植物的果汁。这些食物资源消耗更少、抗冲击能力更强,并且同样美味。如果消费者能像现在一样,根据口味、偏好和价格做出选择,同时确信自己的选择能产生积极且可持续的影响,又会怎样?

在过去两年里,通过全球性的“重塑大食品挑战赛”(Big Food Redesign Challenge),我们与来自三大洲的100多家食品制造商合作,从小型初创企业到大型行业巨头,共同创造或改造产品,使其实现从种子到货架的可持续性。这些创新产品表明,通过跨越部门和行业的合作,以及愿意进行早期前沿投资的慈善力量,食品可以通过可持续的方式生产。这种方式既能惠及人类和地球,又能为企业带来经济效益。

可持续发展的概念对消费者和企业来说并不陌生,也确实广受认可。在美国消费者每年在食品上花费的2.6万亿美元中,约有20%用于购买可持续产品。然而,我们不能只专注于提升单一环节的可持续性(比如无塑料包装),更需要考量整个食品系统对环境的影响——从使用的原料成分,到它们的种植与采购方式,再到运输、加工过程,以及包装材料。如果没有系统性的方法,食品行业将继续成为全球碳排放的重要贡献者。目前该行业的全球排放量占比已高达三分之一。

施密特家族基金会(Schmidt Family Foundation)和艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会(Ellen MacArthur Foundation)此前已与企业合作,将循环理念引入从饮料容器到时尚产品等消费品领域。每一次努力都需要从整个系统出发进行思考,并考虑如何改进。为了将可持续性引入食品从生产到消费的每个环节,参与挑战赛的企业优先选择了多样化、环境影响低和升级再造的原料成分。

使用来源广泛的动植物物种使原料多样化,有利于土壤健康,增强食品供应的韧性,并减少食品企业对单一原料的依赖。例如,一家生产耐储存冰沙粉的公司,寻找有机农场并与之合作,使用鲜为人知的印度苹果蕉(比同类原料抗病性更强)。谷物提供了原料多样化的良机:一家公司的预制肉饭使用了西非富尼奥米(fonio),这种耐旱、无麸质的主食碳足迹比大米低近80%,水足迹更是低99%。

像富尼奥米这类低环境影响原料,对自然的负面影响更小,甚至有助于自然“再生”。这些成分可以减少温室气体排放、生物多样性丧失和森林砍伐现象,并保护我们赖以获取食物的自然系统本身的长期韧性。挑战赛中出现的肉类产品有时会添加未被充分利用的海藻或其他植物性产品进行改良,从而降低肉类的碳足迹。对于其他产品,制造商与农民密切合作,以确保这些产品具有再生性。

最后,升级再造的原料来源于原本会被浪费或丢弃的食物,这减轻了土地压力,并最大限度地提高了用于种植食物的投入产出比。挑战赛中诞生的产品包括回收并再利用各种剩余物制成的商品,从燕麦收获的残留物到香蕉皮。原本要被丢弃的面包最终被用来酿成了美味的啤酒;无法进入市场的皱皮豌豆则被干燥后与全麦粉一起研磨,制成了意大利面。

虽然循环产品很重要,但我们需要将循环理念融入整个食品系统。杜绝了浪费,就能提高生产力,增加选择的多样性。健康的食品选择、来源和市场也随之扩大。农民有了新的赚钱途径:也许最重要的是,当你重视大自然时,土壤的长期健康将得以提升,肥力和产量也随之提高(这也带来更高的利润)。植物、动物和人类都将受益于一种新型的再生效率。它着眼未来,并以传统工业化食品系统所不具备的方式保护地球资源。

系统性转型需要我们所有人的共同参与。我们需要企业、政策制定者和金融界展现出来果敢的领导力。包括立法和监管在内的政策手段,可以为食品企业投资于系统转型提供必要的经济激励。少量针对性资本投入就能加速创新和产品开发。战略性慈善可以将伟大的想法从试点推向规模化。最终,制造商、零售商和消费者都需要接受并要求更好的选择。

我们拥有打造丰饶且具有韧性的食品系统所需的资源。我们必须善加利用。(*)

在结束职业帆船运动生涯之后,戴姆·艾伦·麦克阿瑟于2010年成立了同名全球NGO组织,希望加快向循环经济转型。温蒂·施密特是一位慈善家和投资人。自2013年以来,这两位慈善家合作发起循环经济倡议。

Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Everything about the way we make and consume food—from the food packaging, to the placement of products in the grocery store aisles, to the background music that plays as you browse—is the result of a carefully designed system.

Once we see the food system through this design lens, it appears ripe for innovation. Sixty percent of calories consumed globally derive from just four crops—wheat, rice, corn and potatoes—a shocking level of uniformity that makes our food system susceptible to crises like pandemics and extreme weather. We’ve already seen how swiftly store shelves can empty, how prices of staples can skyrocket, because of the tenuous, fragile links in the food supply chain.

But what if grocery stores carried truly sustainable food products designed to regenerate nature and build a more resilient food system? Products like pastas made with diverse ancient grains, plant-based alternatives to packaged snack foods, beer made from surplus bread, and juices from plants like foraged cactus—foods that are less resource-intensive, more resistant to shocks, and still delicious. What if consumers could make choices like they do now, based on taste, preference, and price, but trust that their choices had positive and sustainable impacts?

Over the past two years, through the global Big Food Redesign Challenge, we’ve worked with more than 100 food makers across three continents, from small startups to major industry leaders, to create or revamp products so that they are sustainable from seed to shelf. These innovative products demonstrate that—with partnerships that reach across sectors and industries, and with philanthropy willing to make early, leading-edge investments—food can be produced sustainably, in a way that benefits people, the planet, and the bottom line.

The concept of sustainability is familiar and indeed appreciated by consumers and businesses. Of the $2.6 trillion that American consumers spend on food each year, about 20% goes to sustainable products. But rather than focusing on making one element more sustainable, like plastic-free packaging, we need to account for the environmental impact of the full food system—from which ingredients are used, to how they are grown and sourced, to how they are shipped and made, to what materials are used for their packaging. Without a system-wide approach, the food sector will continue to be a significant contributor to global carbon emissions—today it accounts for a staggering one-third of the global total.

The Schmidt Family Foundation and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation have previously collaborated with businesses to bring circularity to consumer goods, from drinkware to fashion. Each of these efforts required thinking about the full system and how to improve it. To bring sustainability to every part of the food journey, the businesses participating in the challenge prioritized ingredients that were diverse, low-impact, and upcycled.

Diversifying ingredients, from a broad range of plant and animal species, benefits soil health, builds food supply resilience, and makes food businesses less reliant on single inputs. A company that created a shelf-stable smoothie powder, for example, sought out organic farms and worked with them to use the little-known Indian apple banana, which is more disease resistant than comparable ingredients. Grains offer many opportunities to diversify: One company’s prepared pilaf uses fonio, a drought-tolerant, gluten-free West African staple that boasts a carbon footprint nearly 80% smaller than rice and a 99% lower water footprint.

Low-impact ingredients, like fonio, have fewer negative effects on nature, or even positively “regenerate” nature. These ingredients can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, and deforestation and protect the long-term resilience of the natural systems we rely on for food in the first place. Meat options in the challenge were sometimes enhanced with underutilized seaweed or alternate plant products, reducing the carbon footprint of meat. For other products, manufacturers worked closely with farmers to guarantee that products were regenerative.

Finally, upcycled ingredients are derived from food that would otherwise be wasted or lost, which reduces pressure on land and maximizes return on the inputs used to grow food. Products created through the challenge included those that rescued and reused everything from oat harvest leftovers to banana peels. Bread destined for the trash ended up contributing to a tasty beer, and wrinkled peas, which otherwise wouldn’t make it to market, were dried and ground with whole meal flour to create pasta.

While circular products are important, we need circularity built into the system itself. When you eliminate waste, you increase productivity and options. Healthy food choices, sources, and markets expand. Farmers have a new way to make money: Perhaps most importantly, when you put nature first, you increase long-term health of the soil, improving fertility and yield (which also drives higher profits). Plants, animals, and humans all benefit from a new kind of regenerative efficiency that plans for the future and protects planetary resources in a way conventional industrial food systems do not.

Systemic transformation requires all of us. We need bold leadership from business, policymakers, and the finance sector. Policy levers, including legislation and regulation, can provide the economic incentives food businesses need to invest in transforming the system. Small amounts of targeted capital can accelerate innovation and product development. Strategic philanthropy can bring great ideas from pilot to scale. And ultimately, manufacturers, retailers and consumers need to embrace and demand better options.

We have the resources for an abundant and resilient food system. Let’s use them.

After a professional sailing career, Dame Ellen MacArthur launched her namesake global NGO in 2010 to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Wendy Schmidt is a philanthropist and investor. MacArthur and Schmidt have partnered together on circular economy initiatives since 2013.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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